Table 5 EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS population norms by sample characteristics

Overall

2000

0.845

0.204

N/A

0.923

0.113

N/A

79.83

11.75

N/A

Sex

Male

940

0.866

0.189

< 0.001

0.932

0.103

< 0.001

80.68

11.12

0.007

Female

1060

0.826

0.216

0.915

0.121

79.07

12.24

Marital status

Single

541

0.940

0.119

< 0.001

0.972

0.049

< 0.001

85.06

10.12

< 0.001

Married

1109

0.840

0.191

0.922

0.100

79.17

10.94

Widow

211

0.632

0.266

0.804

0.188

70.47

13.12

Divorced/Seperated

135

0.834

0.213

0.917

0.106

78.81

11.33

Age

<30

400

0.951

0.106

< 0.001

0.974

0.047

< 0.001

86.15

9.48

< 0.001

30–39

371

0.928

0.126

0.966

0.053

83.21

9.60

40–49

374

0.901

0.153

0.954

0.074

82.14

9.71

50–59

352

0.820

0.182

0.914

0.094

77.53

10.81

60–69

304

0.742

0.215

0.877

0.120

75.26

11.46

≥70

199

0.572

0.249

0.768

0.184

67.53

12.23

Health insurance

Social security

398

0.914

0.144

< 0.001

0.958

0.075

< 0.001

83.69

10.29

< 0.001

Universal coverage

1426

0.827

0.214

0.913

0.119

78.44

11.84

Civil servant benefit schemes

156

0.830

0.212

0.922

0.124

82.85

11.76

Private health insurance

15

0.932

0.119

0.960

0.047

84.27

8.12

Education levels

No or Elementary

627

0.719

0.237

< 0.001

0.858

0.148

< 0.001

73.16

12.11

< 0.001

Secondary

807

0.893

0.165

0.945

0.085

81.34

10.37

College/University

562

0.916

0.144

0.963

0.062

84.99

9.61

Monthly household income

≤ 10,000

148

0.775

0.247

< 0.001

0.887

0.162

< 0.001

73.76

12.77

< 0.001

10,001–50,000

1651

0.846

0.203

0.923

0.111

80.01

11.56

50,001-100,000

148

0.903

0.157

0.956

0.070

83.80

10.77

>100,001

16

0.756

0.155

0.903

0.081

75.31

11.32

Employment status

Employed

1569

0.874

0.170

< 0.001

0.941

0.083

< 0.001

80.74

10.69

< 0.001

Unemployed

265

0.636

0.267

0.802

0.179

70.65

13.61

Students

132

0.960

0.097

0.977

0.042

88.27

8.97

Retired

32

0.666

0.666

0.816

0.184

76.25

11.43

Residence of origin

Municipality

656

0.851

0.205

0.299

0.930

0.103

0.007

80.81

11.35

0.015

Rural

1344

0.842

0.204

0.919

0.118

79.35

11.92

Self-reported health conditions

Healthy

1267

0.929

0.129

< 0.001

0.967

0.056

< 0.001

83.89

9.54

< 0.001

Reported health conditions

733

0.699

0.227

0.847

0.143

72.82

11.93

Smoking status

Smokers

428

0.896

0.159

< 0.001

0.951

0.076

< 0.001

82.27

10.01

< 0.001

Non-smokers

1568

0.831

0.213

0.915

0.120

79.18

12.11

Alcohol consumptions

Drinkers

731

0.908

0.147

< 0.001

0.959

0.070

< 0.001

83.02

9.99

< 0.001

Non-drinkers

1265

0.808

0.223

0.902

0.128

78.01

12.30

Body mass index

< 18.5

192

0.891

0.168

< 0.001

0.940

0.092

< 0.001

82.90

11.52

< 0.001

18.5–22.9

944

0.853

0.202

0.927

0.115

80.16

11.54

23.0-24.9

400

0.841

0.207

0.924

0.104

79.89

11.04

25.0-29.9

375

0.834

0.198

0.923

0.101

79.09

11.68

≥ 30

77

0.714

0.269

0.834

0.182

72.35

15.06