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Table 1 Comparison of SBM and non-SBM functional toilets at the time of our endline survey at the end of 2019 (after the SBM implementation)

From: The process, outcomes and context of the sanitation change induced by the Swachh Bharat Mission in rural Jharkhand, India

 

All toilets

SBM toilets

Non-SBM toilets

Number of functional (usable) toilets

761

692

69

Years elapsed from toilet construction (average)

2.1

1.5

8.2

Toilets without apparent technical deficiencies (working water seal, slab, roof, doors, walls)

72%

70%

87%

Consistently used toilets

85%

84%

99%

Well managed and clean toilets

90%

88%

96%

Distance of toilets from house (average in meters)

7.7

8.2

1.8

Toilets located in or directly at house

39%

37%

62%

Toilets connected to piped water

11%

5%

51%

Toilets with water available at the time of survey

71%

68%

86%

Toilets with soap available

42%

39%

64%