Table 2 Characterization of participants based on low, medium, or high BI score
Characteristics | Low BI (n = 410) | Medium BI (n = 409) | High BI (n = 409) | Group differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
mean ± SD or n (%) | mean ± SD or n (%) | mean ± SD or n (%) | p-value (p-valuec low BI vs. high BI) | |
Gendera | ||||
Male | 101 (24.6) | 75 (18.3) | 62 (15.2) | 0.002 |
Female | 309 (75.4) | 334 (81.7) | 347 (84.8) | |
Age (years)b | 31.26 ± 12.86 | 31.78 ± 12.92 | 31.38 ± 12.68 | 0.26 |
18–29 | 271 (66.1) | 254 (62.1) | 249 (60.9) | |
30–49 | 77 (18.8) | 88 (21.5) | 106 (25.9) | |
50–64 | 55 (13.4) | 62 (15.2) | 49 (12.0) | |
≥ 65 | 7 (1.7) | 5 (1.2) | 5 (1.2) | |
BMI (kg/m2)b | 22.63 ± 3.76 | 23.50 ± 4.54 | 24.02 ± 4.47 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) |
< 18.5 | 38 (9.3) | 16 (3.9) | 11 (2.7) | |
18.5–24.9 | 283 (69.0) | 290 (70.9) | 262 (64.1) | |
25.0–29.9 | 71 (17.3) | 67 (16.4) | 95 (23.2) | |
≥ 30.0 | 18 (4.4) | 36 (8.8) | 41 (10.0) | |
Stress-eating behavior (SSES)b | 2.90 ± 0.62 | 2.97 ± 0.70 | 3.17 ± 0.82 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) |
Stress-overeaters | 135 (32.9) | 161 (39.4) | 217 (53.1) | < 0.001 |
Stress-undereaters | 209 (51.0) | 197 (48.2) | 158 (38.6) | |
Non-stresseaters | 66 (16.1) | 51 (12.5) | 34 (8.3) | |
Personality (BFI-10)b | ||||
Agreeableness | 3.18 ± 0.76 | 3.24 ± 0.75 | 3.26 ± 0.79 | 0.56 |
Extraversion | 3.20 ± 1.03 | 3.24 ± 0.75 | 3.26 ± 0.79 | 0.63 |
Conscientiousness | 3.68 ± 0.81 | 3.58 ± 0.78 | 3.59 ± 0.83 | 0.46 |
Neuroticism | 3.09 ± 0.93 | 3.26 ± 0.92 | 3.48 ± 0.90 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) |
Openness | 3.65 ± 0.94 | 3.50 ± 0.94 | 3.60 ± 0.96 | 0.25 |
Eating reasons (I eat what I eat because…)b | ||||
I like it. | 6.26 ± 0.90 | 6.21 ± 0.93 | 6.24 ± 0.84 | 1 |
I usually eat it. | 5.02 ± 1.33 | 5.00 ± 1.28 | 5.19 ± 1.25 | 0.30 |
I’m hungry. | 5.55 ± 1.24 | 5.45 ± 1.13 | 5.48 ± 1.20 | 0.65 |
it is healthy. | 5.22 ± 1.22 | 5.16 ± 1.22 | 5.23 ± 1.16 | 1 |
it is the most convenient. | 4.13 ± 1.54 | 4.40 ± 1.44 | 4.56 ± 1.52 | 0.002 (0.001) |
to indulge myself. | 4.73 ± 1.45 | 4.93 ± 1.29 | 5.07 ± 1.27 | 0.052 |
out of traditions. | 3.55 ± 1.71 | 3.79 ± 1.66 | 3.76 ± 1.76 | 0.65 |
it is natural. | 4.33 ± 1.79 | 4.37 ± 1.77 | 4.27 ± 1.80 | 1 |
it is social. | 4.11 ± 1.60 | 4.41 ± 1.60 | 4.25 ± 1.68 | 0.18 |
it is inexpensive. | 3.26 ± 1.56 | 3.42 ± 1.51 | 3.45 ± 1.58 | 0.65 |
it spontaneously appeals to me. | 3.27 ± 1.55 | 3.64 ± 1.55 | 3.86 ± 1.60 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) |
I watch my weight. | 3.71 ± 1.82 | 3.97 ± 1.67 | 4.29 ± 1.68 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) |
I am frustrated. | 2.78 ± 1.72 | 3.26 ± 1.78 | 3.86 ± 1.88 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) |
I am supposed to eat it. | 1.91 ± 1.30 | 2.18 ± 1.37 | 2.28 ± 1.49 | 0.003 (0.002) |
others like it. | 1.71 ± 1.04 | 1.90 ± 1.22 | 2.01 ± 1.31 | 0.052 |
Personal innovativenessb | 2.50 ± 0.92 | 2.82 ± 0.85 | 3.13 ± 0.95 | < 0.001 (< 0.001) |