Fig. 4From: Systematic review of empiric studies on lockdowns, workplace closures, and other non-pharmaceutical interventions in non-healthcare workplaces during the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic: benefits and selected unintended consequencesForest plots of the effect of lockdown on unemployment and labor force participation, January 1, 2020–May 11, 2021a. aI2 for heterogeneity for studies on unemployment = 92% (Q test p < 0.001). I2 for heterogeneity for studies on labor force participation = 0% (Q test p = 0.69)Back to article page