Table 1 Basic characteristics of women in sub-Saharan African Countries from 2016 to 2020 and Bi-variable multilevel mixed-Effect logistic regression in COR (n = 83,584)

Women’s Age (Years)

15–19

7,214 (8.63%)

3,255 (45.12%)

3,959 (54.88%)

Ref.

20–25

20,421 (24.43%)

7,523 (36.84%)

12,898 (63.16%)

1.41 (1.31–1.51) **

25–34

38,704 (46.31%)

13,905 (35.93%)

24,799 (64.07%)

1.69 (1.58–1.81) **

35–49

17,245 (20.63%)

6, 351 (36.83%)

10, 894 (63.17%)

1.62 (1.50–1.74)**

Marital Status

Single

6,764 (8.09%)

2,031 (30.03%)

4,733 (69.97%)

Ref.

Married

58,582 (70.09%)

23,680 (40.42%)

34,902 (59.58%)

1.03 (0.94–1.09)

Living with partner

13,171 (15.76)%

3,814 (28.96%)

9,357 (71.04%)

1.16 (0.99–1.27)

Widowed/Divorced

2,295 (2.75%)

806 (35.11%)

1,489 (64.89%)

1.00 (0.87–1.16)

Separated

2,772 (3.32%)

703 (25.36%)

2,069 (74.64%)

1.12 (0.99–1.27)

Educational Status

No education

25,574 (30.60%)

13,776 (53.87%)

11,798 (46.13%)

Ref.

Primary

30,607 (36.62%)

9,841 (32.15%)

20,766 (67.85%)

1.49 (1.42–1.57)**

Secondary and Above

27,403 (32.79%)

7,418 (27.07%)

19, 985 (72.93%)

2.11 (2.00-2.23)**

Occupation

No occupation

24,183 (28.93%)

10,441 (43.18%)

13,742 (56.82%)

Ref.

Had Occupation

59,401 (71.07%)

20,593 (34.67%)

38,808 (65.33%)

1.33 (1.27–1.69)**

Partners Education

No education

23,202 (32.35%)

13,281 (57.24%)

9,921 (42.76%)

Ref.

Primary

21,471 (29.93%)

6,508 (30.31%)

14,963 (69.69%)

1.79 (1.69–1.90)**

Secondary and Above

27,061 (37.72%)

7,704 (28.47%)

19,357 (71.53%)

2.13 (2.02–2.59)**

Partners occupation

No Occupation

24,165 (28.91%)

10,434 (43.18%)

13,731 (56.82%)

Ref.

Had Occupation

59,419 (71.09%)

20,601 (34.67%)

38, 818 (65.33%)

1.33 (1.27–1.39)**

Media Exposure

No

28,171 (33.70%)

11,741 (41.68%)

16,430 (58.32%)

Ref.

Yes

55,413 (66.30%)

19,293 (34.82%)

36,120 (65.18%)

1.41 (1.35–1.47)**

Access to Health Facility (n = 82,746)

A big problem

30,331 (36.66%)

11,863 (39.11%)

18,467 (60.89%)

Ref.

Not a big problem

52,415 (63.34%)

19,059 (36.36%)

33,357 (63.64%)

1.15 (1.10–1.20)**

Wealth Index

Poor

33,821 (40.46%)

14,204 (42.00%)

19,617 (58.00%)

Ref.

Medium

17,211 (20.59%)

6,603 (38.37%)

10,608 (61.63%)

1.24 (1.17–1.30)**

Rich

32,552 (38.95%)

10,227 (31.42%)

22,325 (68.58%)

1.61 (1.52–1.70)**

Number of children in a family

No children

780 (0.93%)

361 (46.30%)

419 (53.70%)

Ref.

One child

20,035 (23.97%)

7,420 (37.04%)

12,615 (62.96%)

1.31 (1.10–1.58)**

Two children

17,375 (20.79%)

6,086 (35.03%)

11,289 (64.97%)

1.56 (1.30–1.88)**

3–4 Children

25,608 (30.64%)

9,160 (35.77%)

16,448 (64.23%)

1.64 (1.36–1.97)**

Five and above

19,785 (23.67%)

8,007 (40.47%)

11,778 (59.53%)

1.56 (1.30–1.87)**

Number of ANC Visit

One visit

5,024 (6.01%)

3,045 (60.62%)

1,979 (39.38%)

Ref.

Two visit

7,096 (8.49%)

3,452 (48.66%)

3,643 (51.34%)

1.41 (1.27–1.56)**

three visit

18,675 (22.34%)

6,786 (36.34%)

11,889 (63.66%)

2.07 (1.90–2.26)**

4 and above visit

52,789 (63.16%)

17,750 (33.63%)

35,039 (66.37%)

2.51 (2.31–2.73)**

Residence

Rural

53,614 (64.14%)

20,721 (38.65%)

32,893 (61.35%)

Ref.

Urban

29,970 (35.86%)

10,313 (34.41%)

19,657 (65.59%)

1.36 (1.25–1.49)**

Country

Angola

4,758 (5.69%)

1,847 (38.83%)

2,911 (61.17%)

0.49 (0.43–0.57)**

Benin

2,904 (3.47%)

1,633 (56.23%)

1,271 (43.77)

0.31 (0.27–0.36)**

Burundi

6,935 (8.30%)

2,746 (39.60%)

4,188 (60.40%)

0.64 (0.56–0.73)**

Cameroon

4,184 (5.01%)

1,374 (32.85%)

2,810 (67.15)

1.09 (0.94–1.28)

Ethiopia

3,144 (3.76%)

1,949 (62.00%)

1,195 (38.00%)

0.24 (0.21–0.28)**

Gambia

4,152 (4.97%)

1,962 (47.25%)

2,190 (52.75%)

0.46 (0.39–0.54)**

Guinea

2,725 (3.26%)

2,094 (76.84%)

631 (23.16%)

0.09 (0.07–0.11)**

Liberia

2,621 (3.14%)

1,065 (40.65%)

1,556 (59.35)

0.69 (0.58–0.83)**

Mali

3,641 (4.36%)

2,872 (78.88%)

769 (21.12%)

0.08 (0.07–0.10)**

Mauritania

4,565 (5.46%)

4,303 (94.27%)

262 (5.73%)

0.02 (0.01–0.028)**

Malawi

8,602 (10.29%)

866 (10.07%)

7,736 (89.93%)

5.43 (4.72–6.23)**

Nigeria

12, 343 (14.77%)

4,166 (33.75%)

8,177 (66.25%)

Ref.

Rwanda

4,681 (5.34%)

478 (10.22%)

4,203 (89.78%)

5.11 (4.33–6.02)**

Sierra Leone

4,461 (5.34%)

1,457 (32.66%)

3,004 (67.34%)

1.12 (0.97–1.28)

Uganda

7,232 (8.65%)

1,401 (19.38%)

5,831 (80.62%)

2.32 (2.03–2.64)**

South Africa

1,647 (1.97%)

218 (13.25%)

1,429 (86.75%)

3.86 (3.13–4.75)**

Zambia

4,986 (5.97%)

600 (12.04%)

4,386 (87.96%)

4.41 (3.76–5.17)**