Table 4 Proportion unvaccinated and factors associated with non-vaccination status against seasonal influenza among participants in the first follow-up visit (2015-18) of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: care recipients aged 65 years and older (N = 5,559).

Age (Years)

 85–92

0.21 (0.18, 0.23)

Ref

 75–84

0.21 (0.19, 0.22)

1.05 (0.83, 1.34)

 65–74

0.31 (0.29, 0.32)

1.88 (1.48, 2.39)

Province of Residence

 Ontario

0.20 (0.17, 0.22)

Ref

 Newfoundland

0.32 (0.26, 0.38)

1.99 (1.41, 2.82)

 Prince Edward Island

0.19 (0.12, 0.25)

0.84 (0.49, 1.43)

 Nova Scotia

0.15 (0.12, 0.19)

0.71 (0.50, 1.01)

 New Brunswick

0.27 (0.20, 0.35)

1.13 (0.70, 1.81)

 Quebec

0.33 (0.31, 0.36)

1.90 (1.52, 2.38)

 Manitoba

0.26 (0.23, 0.30)

1.16 (0.86, 1.58)

 Saskatchewan

0.28 (0.21, 0.36)

1.45 (0.90, 2.33)

 Alberta

0.20 (0.17, 0.23)

0.98 (0.74, 1.30)

 British Columbia

0.27 (0.24, 0.29)

1.45 (1.16, 1.81)

Sex

 Male

0.24 (0.22, 0.25)

Ref

 Female

0.26 (0.24, 0.27)

1.09 (0.93, 1.27)

Urban or Rural

 Rural

0.29 (0.26, 0.32)

Ref

 Urban

0.24 (0.23, 0.25)

0.77 (0.62, 0.94)

Household Income (Canadian Dollars)

 < 20,000

0.37 (0.33, 0.41)

Ref

 ≥20,000 to < 50,000

0.29 (0.27, 0.31)

0.78 (0.61, 0.99)

 ≥50,000 to < 100,000

0.21 (0.19, 0.23)

0.52 (0.40, 0.68)

 ≥100,000 to < 150,000

0.17 (0.13, 0.20)

0.38 (0.27, 0.55)

 ≥150,000

0.17 (0.13, 0.22)

0.42 (0.27, 0.64)

Education

 Less than secondary school graduation

0.29 (0.25, 0.33)

Ref

 Secondary school graduation, no post-secondary education

0.26 (0.23, 0.29)

0.93 (0.68, 1.26)

 Some post-secondary education

0.27 (0.23, 0.31)

1.28 (0.92, 1.78)

 Post-secondary degree/diploma

0.24 (0.22, 0.25)

0.94 (0.73, 1.22)

Race

 White

0.24 (0.23, 0.26)

Ref

 Non-white

0.36 (0.29, 0.43)

2.04 (1.39, 2.99)

CMC by Type

 Heart Disease

0.22 (0.20, 0.25)

0.87 (0.72, 1.07)

 Respiratory Disorders

0.20 (0.17, 0.23)

0.63 (0.49, 0.81)

 Kidney Disease or Failure

0.21 (0.17, 0.25)

0.78 (0.57, 1.05)

 Asthma

0.23 (0.20, 0.26)

0.97 (0.77, 1.22)

 Diabetes

0.23 (0.21, 0.25)

0.87 (0.72, 1.06)

 Cancer

0.22 (0.20, 0.24)

0.88 (0.72, 1.06)

 Other CMC

0.24 (0.22, 0.25)

0.88 (0.71, 1.09)

Number of CMC

 0

0.29 (0.26, 0.32)

Ref

 1

0.28 (0.25, 0.30)

1.10 (0.85, 1.44)

 ≥ 2

0.22 (0.21, 0.24)

0.92 (0.62, 1.36)

Care or Assistance Received

 Professional

0.23 (0.21, 0.24)

0.89 (0.74, 1.06)

 Non-Professional

0.25 (0.24, 0.27)

1.08 (0.87, 1.34)

Type of Healthcare Utilization, Past 12 Months

 Family Doctor Contact

0.24 (0.23, 0.25)

0.61 (0.41, 0.90)

 Specialist Contact

0.23 (0.22, 0.24)

0.71 (0.59, 0.86)

 Hospitalization History

0.25 (0.23, 0.27)

1.16 (0.98, 1.36)

Self-Rated Health

 Excellent

0.28 (0.24, 0.32)

Ref

 Very Good

0.25 (0.23, 0.27)

0.99 (0.75, 1.29)

 Good

0.24 (0.22, 0.26)

0.94 (0.72, 1.23)

 Fair

0.25 (0.23, 0.28)

1.10 (0.81, 1.48)

 Poor

0.21 (0.17, 0.26)

0.84 (0.56, 1.25)

Number in Household Besides Participant

 0

0.27 (0.25, 0.29)

Ref

 1

0.23 (0.21, 0.25)

0.99 (0.83, 1.17)

 ≥ 2

0.26 (0.22, 0.30)

1.11 (0.85, 1.45)

Exercise Past Week

 None or Seldom

0.24 (0.23, 0.26)

Ref

 Sometimes or Often

0.27 (0.24, 0.31)

1.08 (0.88, 1.34)

Smoking Currently

 Not at All

0.24 (0.23, 0.25)

Ref

 Occasionally

0.33 (0.19, 0.48)

1.43 (0.66, 3.12)

 Daily

0.34 (0.29, 0.40)

1.46 (1.06, 1.99)

Alcohol Past 12 Months

 Never

0.27 (0.25, 0.30)

Ref

 Occasionally

0.28 (0.25, 0.31)

1.07 (0.85, 1.35)

 Regular

0.23 (0.22, 0.25)

0.90 (0.74, 1.09)