Table 3 Moderating effects of the relationship between loneliness and Internet addiction
From: Relationship between loneliness and internet addiction: a meta-analysis
| Â | Moderator | Category | k | r | 95%CI | Qb(df) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Objective characteristics of subjects | Male% | 0-44% | 17 | 0.328 | 0.248,0.405 | 4.159(1) | 0.041 |
45-100% | 15 | 0.237 | 0.202,0.272 | Â | Â | ||
Age | adolescent | 12 | 0.227 | 0.198,0.255 | 5.879(1) | 0.015 | |
adult | 20 | 0.328 | 0.252,0.400 | Â | Â | ||
Grade | primary schools | 1 | 0.240 | 0.187,0.293 | 9.281(2) | 0.010 | |
secondary schools | 11 | 0.215 | 0.183,0.246 | Â | Â | ||
university | 20 | 0.340 | 0.266,0.410 | Â | Â | ||
Region | East Asia | 16 | 0.277 | 0.247,0.306 | 9.787(4) | 0.044 | |
West Asia | 11 | 0.309 | 0.167,0.438 | Â | Â | ||
South Asia | 1 | 0.188 | 0.110,0.264 | Â | Â | ||
Southeast Asia | 3 | 0.283 | 0.219,0.344 | Â | Â | ||
Europe | 1 | 0.160 | 0.061,0.256 | Â | Â | ||
Subjective characteristics of researchers | Measurement tool of IA | YDQ | 4 | 0.223 | 0.202,0.244 | 6.573(3) | 0.087 |
IAT-12 | 3 | 0.364 | 0.027,0.626 | Â | Â | ||
IAT-20 | 16 | 0.277 | 0.213,0.338 | Â | Â | ||
CIAS | 9 | 0.328 | 0.225,0.424 | Â | Â | ||
Research design | cross-sectional study | 29 | 0.286 | 0.243,0.328 | 0.672(1) | 0.412 | |
longitudinal study | 3 | 0.342 | 0.212,0.460 | Â | Â | ||
Research year | before | 25 | 0.300 | 0.250,0.347 | 0.633(1) | 0.426 | |
after | 7 | 0.262 | 0.180,0.340 | Â | Â |