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Table 2 Positive and negative associations between types of clusters and health indicators with their respective study references (n = 16)

From: Clusters of 24-hour movement behavior and diet and their relationship with health indicators among youth: a systematic review

Indicators

High PA

High PA SB Satisfactory Sleep

High PA SB UPF Low sleep

High PA Sleep Low SB FV

High PA FV UPF Sleep Specific diet

High PA UPF Low SB Satisfactory Sleep

High PA UPF Specific diet

Low PA SB UPF High FV

Low PA SB Satisfactory Sleep

Low PA High SB Satisfactory Sleep

Low PA High SB Sleep

Low PA FV Sleep

Low PA FV Sleep High SB UPF*

Low SB High FV

Low SB High FV Specific diet

Low SB High FV Sleep

Low SB UPF High FV Sleep

High SB FV Satisfactory Sleep

High SB UPF Low Sleep

Specific diet

High UPF Low FV

High UPF Satisfactory Sleep

High FV UPF Sleep Specific diet

Adiposity variables

                       

 Trunk fat

(-) [53]

                      

 Fat Mass

(-) [53]

       

(+)♀♂ [58]

          

(-) [53]

   

 BMI

(-) [53]

       

(+)♀♂ [58]

 

(-) [61]

    

(-) [56]

  

(+) [61]

(-) [53]

   

 Waist circumference

(-) [53]

       

(+)♀♂ [58]

         

(+) [61]

(-) [53]

   

 Overweight

               

(-) [56]

       

 Overweight + Obesity

 

(-)♂ [59]

      

(+)♀♂ [58]

(+) [63]

  

(+)♀ [39]

    

(-)♀ [59]

   

(+) [63]

 

Metabolic risk factors

                       

 SBP

       

(-)♂ [60]

   

(+)♂ [60]

        

(+)♀ [60]

  

 DBP

                

(-)♀ [60]

      

 LDL cholesterol

(-) [41]

                      

 HDL cholesterol

                  

(-) [41]

    

 Total/HDL cholesterol ratio

(-) [41]

                 

(+) [41]

    

 Total cholesterol

(-) [41]

                      

 Insulin resistance

(-) [40]

                 

(+) [40]

    

Socio-emotional

                       

 Prosocial Behaviors

  

(+)♀ [51]

           

(+)♂ [51]

       

(+)♀ [50]

 Hyperactivity/inattention symptoms

    

(-)♂ [50]

         

(-)♂ [51]

        

 Specific phobia symptoms

    

(-)♂ [50]

                  

 Separation anxiety symptoms

    

(-)♂ [50]

                  

 Generalized anxiety symptoms

    

(-)♂ [50]

                  

 Peer relationship problems

                      

(-)♀ [50]

 Emotional symptoms

      

(-)♂ [50]

                

Quality of life

                       

 Social functioning

   

(+) [61]

 

(+) [61]

                 

 Emotional functioning

   

(+) [61]

                   

 Psychosocial functioning

   

(+) [61]

                   

 Total Score

             

(+) [36]

         
  1. PA Physical activity, SB Sedentary behavior, FV Fruit and vegetables, UPF Ultra-processed food. *The cluster is also characterized by high discrepancy and quality of sleep. When the female and male symbols are not specified, it means that the cluster types were identified in mixed samples (with the presence of both boys and girls). ♂ indicates clusters identified in males. ♀ indicates clusters identified in females. ♀♂ indicates clusters identified in girls and in boys separately. (+) indicates positive association (higher average values or greater exposure). (−) indicates negative association (lower average values or lower exposure). SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein
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BMC Public Health

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