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Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review (n = 23)

From: Clusters of 24-hour movement behavior and diet and their relationship with health indicators among youth: a systematic review

Author (publication year)

Study name

Sample Country

Study Design

Sample size (% of girls)

Sample age (years; range or mean)

Data driven analytic method

Nº of clustersDI

Androutsos (2014) [40]

Healthy Growth

Greece

CS

2656 (50.1)

9–13

PCA

5

Collese (2018) [20]a

HELENA

BRACAH

Europeanh

Brazil

CS

CS

1252 (52.7)

682 (54.2)

12.5–17.5

14.0–17.5

K-meansi

10

Descarpentrie (2021) [64]b

EDEN

France

Longitudinal

978 (46.9)

5

PCA

Boys 3 / Girls 3

Descarpentrie (2022) [50]

ENFAMS

France

CS

235 (48.5)

6–12

PCA

Boys 2 / Girls 1

Descarpentrie (2023) [51]b

EDEN

France

Longitudinal

876 (47.6)

5

PCA

Boys 3 / Girls 3

D’ Souza (2021) [62]c

HAPPY

Australia

Longitudinal (CS analysis)

432 (43.5)

5.4–9.1 (7.6 ± 0.7)

K-meansi, LPA, PCA

K-meansf 3, LPA 3, PCA 4

D’ Souza (2022) [61]c

HAPPY

Australia

Longitudinal (CS analysis)

432 (43.5)

5.4–9.1 (7.6 ± 0.7)

K-meansi, LPA, PCA

K-meansf 3, LPA 3, PCA 4

Dumuid (2017) [37]

ISCOLE

Australia

CS

284 (53.9)

9–11

K-meansi

4

Dumuid (2017) [36]

ISCOLE

Intercontinentale

CS

5759 (55.0)

9–11

K-meansi

Boys 4 / Girls 4

Dumuid (2016) [58]

ISCOLE

Intercontinentale

CS

5710 (NR)

9–11

K-meansi

Boys 5 / Girls 5

Fernández-Alvira (2013) [52]

ENERGY

Europeanf

CS

5284 (54.0)

10–12

K-meansi

Boys 4 / Girls 4

Ferrar and Golley (2015) [59]

NCNPAS

Australia

CS

1853 (49.8)

9–16

Two-steps

Boys 4 /Girls 5

Knebel (2022) [57]

Movimente

Brazil

CRCT (CS analysis)

750 (52.8%)

10–16 (13.1 ± 1.0)

Two-steps

3

Magee (2013) [63]

LSAC

Australia

Longitudinal (CS analysis)

1833 (48.4)

6–9

LCA

6

Miguel-Berges (2017) [38]

ToyBox

Europeang

RCT (CS analysis)

5387 (49.0)

3.5–5.5

K-meansi

Boys 3 / Girls 4

Moraes (2016) [60]a

HELENA

BRACAH

Europeanh

Brazil

CS

CS

1252 (52.7)

682 (54.2)

12.5–17.5

14 to 17.5

K-meansi

5

Moschonis (2012) [41]d

Healthy Growth

Greece

CS

2043 (50.2)

9–13

PCA

5

Moschonis (2013) [53]d

Healthy Growth

Greece

CS

2073 (50.2)

9–13

PCA

Boys 3 / Girls 3

Nuutinen (2017) [39]

HBSC

Finland

CS

13 years: 2152

15 years: 2110

13 and 15

K-means

2

Pereira (2015) [54]

ISCOLE

Portugal

CS

686 (55.5)

9.5–10.5

LCA

2

Pérez-Rodrigo (2015) [55]

ANIBES Study

Spain

CS

415 (37.8)

9–17

K-meansi

Boys 3 / Girls 4

Saldanha-Gomes (2020) [49]

EDEN

France

Longitudinal

2 years: 1436 (47.8%) / 5 years: 1195 (47%)

2 and 5

LCA

2 years (Boys 2 / Girls 2). 5 years (Boys 2 / Girls 4)

Wiersma (2022) [56]

GECKO

Netherlands

Longitudinal

1792

3–11

PCA

3

  1. NR not reported, LSAC Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, BRACAH Brazilian Cardiovascular Adolescent Health, EDEN EDEN mother–child cohort study, ENERGY European Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth, ENFAMS Enfants et familles sans logement; HAPPY Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years study, HBSC Health Behavior in School-aged Children, HELENA Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence, Movimente Promotion of healthy lifestyles in adolescents and their relation to school performance—Movimente Study, NCNPAS, National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, YRBSS Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, GECKO Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity, LCA Latent class analysis, PCA Principal component analysis, RCT randomized controlled trial, CRCT Cluster-randomized controlled trial, CS Cross-sectional
  2. DIDetailed information about the cluster types is available in Supplementary Information Table S7
  3. a, b, c, dclusters identified in same sample
  4. eAustralia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, England, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, and USA
  5. fBelgium, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, and Spain
  6. gBelgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain
  7. hAustria, Belgium, France, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Sweden
  8. iWith Wald’s method
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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