Association between joint physical activity and healthy dietary patterns and hypertension in US adults: cross-sectional NHANES study

Table 2 Association between joint PA and Healthy Eating Index-2015 and their combined effect and hypertension after using survey impute for multiple interpolation (n = 24,453)

Hypertension	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3^a
Hypertension	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Healthy Eating Index-2015
Unhealthy diet	1(ref)		1(ref)		1(ref)
Healthy diet	0.72(0.65,0.8)	< 0.01	0.76(0.69,0.84)	< 0.01	0.86(0.77,0.96)	0.01
Physical activity level
Physically inactive	1(ref)		1(ref)		1(ref)
Physically active	0.73(0.66,0.81)	< 0.01	0.76(0.68,0.84)	< 0.01	0.88(0.78,0.99)	0.04
Lifestyle categories
Unhealthy diet and physically inactive	1(ref)		1(ref)		1(ref)
Healthy diet but physically inactive	0.79(0.69,0.91)	< 0.01	0.83(0.72,0.95)	0.04	0.89(0.76,1.03)	0.9
Unhealthy diet but physically active	0.8(0.69,0.93)	< 0.01	0.81(0.7,0.95)	< 0.01	0.9(0.76,1.06)	0.7
Healthy diet and physically active	0.56(0.49,0.65)	< 0.01	0.61(0.52,0.7)	< 0.01	0.77(0.65,0.9)	< 0.01

Model 1 was adjusted for age, gender, and race
Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, race, and education levels, poverty, marital, smoking status, alcohol consumption
Model 3 was adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus hyperlipidemia, diabetes, BMI, fast total cholesterol, and HDL-C
^aModel 3 at HEI-2015 adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus hyperlipidemia, diabetes, BMI, fast total cholesterol, HDL-C, and PA. Model 3 at PA level adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus hyperlipidemia, diabetes, BMI, fast total cholesterol, HDL-C, and HEI-2015
Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PA Physical activity

ISSN: 1471-2458