Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by lifestyle categories among 24,453 US adults in NHANES (2007–2018)
| Â | Lifestyle categories, n (weighted %) | Â | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Total | Healthy diet and physically active | Healthy diet but physically inactive | Unhealthy diet and physically inactive | Unhealthy diet but physically active | P value |
Hypertension | 10,938(38.5) | 3001(33.1) | 2731(50.0) | 2653(47.6) | 2553(32.7) |  < 0.001 |
Age (years), mean (95% CI) | 48.2(47.6,48.7) | 48.2(47.3,49.1) | 56.1(55.3,56.9) | 50.6(49.8,51.4) | 42.6(41.9,43.2) |  < 0.001 |
Gender |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Male | 12,204(50.1) | 3893(49.6) | 1845(36.0) | 2263(44.5) | 4203(61.4) |  |
 Female | 12,249(49.9) | 3685(50.4) | 3087(64.0) | 2769(55.5) | 2708(38.6) |  |
Races/ethnicity |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Non-Hispanic white | 10,513(66.8) | 3257(69.4) | 1899(62.6) | 2198(65.2) | 3159(67.2) |  |
 Non-Hispanic black | 5249(11.1) | 1383(8.7) | 1005(10.6) | 1296(14.4) | 1565(11.9) |  |
 Mexican American | 3469(8.5) | 1047(7.5) | 755(9.0) | 717(8.5) | 950(9.2) |  |
 Other Race | 5222(13.7) | 1891(14.4) | 1273(17.7) | 821(11.9) | 1237(11.8) |  |
Educations Levels |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Below high school | 5643(14.8) | 1296(9.8) | 1359(17.9) | 1520(21.6) | 1468(14.6) |  |
 High School | 5601(22.9) | 1330(17.0) | 1074(21.3) | 1321(28.3) | 1876(26.9) |  |
 College/Above | 13,184(62.2) | 4946(73.3) | 2491(60.8) | 2185(50.0) | 3562(58.5) |  |
Smoking status |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 13,642(56.4) | 4691(61.3) | 2983(60.1) | 2484(51.0) | 3484(52.4) |  |
 Former | 6172(25.2) | 2011(27.3) | 1374(29.1) | 1263(23.2) | 1524(22.0) |  |
 Now | 4627(18.4) | 871(11.4) | 574(10.8) | 1281(25.8) | 1901(25.6) |  |
Alcohol drinker |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 3210(10.4) | 940(10.0) | 926(16.9) | 692(12.3) | 652(9.1) |  |
 Former | 3721(12.3) | 879(9.8) | 901(16.6) | 1033(19.0) | 908(11.8) |  |
 Now | 15,480(69.9) | 5210(80.2) | 2633(66.5) | 2822(68.7) | 4815(79.1) |  |
Marital |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Widowed or divorced or separated | 5513(18.1) | 1422(15.2) | 1475(24.6) | 1365(22.1) | 1251(15.4) |  |
 Never married | 4252(18.5) | 1279(18.0) | 502(11.1) | 779(14.9) | 1692(25.2) |  |
 Married or living with a partner | 14,678(63.4) | 4874(66.8) | 2953(64.3) | 2886(63.0) | 3965(59.4) |  |
Poverty, mean (95% CI) | 3.0(2.9,3.1) | 3.4(3.3,3.5) | 3.0(2.9,3.1) | 2.7(2.6,2.8) | 2.9(2.8,2.9) |  < 0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 17,274(69.2) | 5164(66.4) | 3748(74.9) | 3783(75.3) | 4579(65.5) |  < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 3754(11.2) | 887(8.3) | 1133(17.4) | 1003(15.4) | 731(8.4) |  < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (95% CI) | 29.1(28.9,29.3) | 27.8(27.6,28.0) | 29.8(29.5,30.2) | 30.7(30.3,31.0) | 29.3(29.0,29.5) |  < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) | 194.0 (193.0,195.1) | 194.6 (193.0,196.3) | 195.2 (193.0,197.3) | 194.5 (192.6,196.5) | 192.4 (190.6,194.2) | 0.1 |
HDL-C (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) | 53.0(52.6,53.5) | 56.2(55.5,56.9) | 54.1(53.4,54.9) | 50.4(49.7,51.1) | 50.6(50.0,51.2) |  < 0.001 |
Hei-2015, (Score), mean (95% CI) | 54.1(53.7,54.6) | 65.5(65.2,65.9) | 63.9(63.6,64.3) | 43.2(42.9,43.5) | 43.2(42.9,43.5) |  < 0.001 |
Hei-2015 levels, (Score) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 < 53.5 | 11,943(49.9) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 5032(100.0) | 6911(100.0) |  |
 ≥ 53.5 | 12,510(50.1) | 7578(100.0) | 4932(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |  |
PA, Met-minutes/week, mean (95% CI) | 3638.4 (3503.8,3773.0) | 4734.7 (4521.3,4948.2) | 127.0 (117.6, 136.4) | 118.0 (109.3, 126.6) | 6436.7 (6146.8,6726.5) |  < 0.001 |
Physical activity levels, (Met-minutes/week) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Inactive (< 600) | 9964(35.3) | 0(0.0) | 4932(100.0) | 5032(100.0) | 0(0.0) |  |
 Increased PA (≥ 600) | 14,489(64.7) | 7578(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 6911(100.0) |  |