Table 1 Characteristics among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on whether they reported cost-related nonadherence
From: Cost-related medication nonadherence in adults with COPD in the United States 2013–2020
Variable | No Cost-Related Nonadherence, Weighted % (95% CI) | Cost-Related Nonadherence, Weighted % (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Sample, n | 13,047 | 2881 | |
Weighted sample, n (weighted %) | 10,481,522(81.44) | 2,388,717(18.56) | |
Age category, y | < 0.001 | ||
18–64 | 53.81(52.62,54.98) | 76.18(74.10,78.14) | |
≥ 65 | 46.19(45.02,47.38) | 23.82(21.86,25.90) | |
Female | 58.28(57.11,59.43) | 67.68(65.32,69.94) | < 0.001 |
Race/ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||
Non-Hispanic white | 78.78(77.56,79.95) | 73.9(71.48,76.18) | |
Hispanic | 7.13(6.38,7.97) | 9.46(7.98,11.18) | |
Non-Hispanic black | 10.54(9.71,11.44) | 13.32(11.67,15.16) | |
Non-Hispanic Asian | 2.00(1.67,2.39) | 1.44(0.91,2.25) | |
Region | < 0.001 | ||
Northeast | 16.98(15.56,18.49) | 12.75(11.15,14.54) | |
Midwest | 24.21(22.44,26.07) | 25.63(22.99,28.45) | |
South | 40.56(38.61,42.53) | 45.42(42.53,48.35) | |
West | 18.26(16.73,19.89) | 16.20(14.23,18.38) | |
Education level | 0.013 | ||
Less than high school | 16.58(15.73,17.46) | 19.54(17.71,21.51) | |
High school graduate | 24.50(23.52,25.50) | 23.02(21.07,25.10) | |
College or above | 58.92(57.70,60.14) | 57.44(54.94,59.91) | |
Household income | < 0.001 | ||
Low | 42.26(40.95,43.57) | 59.01(56.62,61.35) | |
Middle | 29.75(28.60,30.93) | 27.79(25.67,30.01) | |
High | 27.99(26.83,29.18) | 13.21(11.56,15.05) | |
Insurance status | < 0.001 | ||
Public | 50.32(49.08,51.56) | 50.43(48.04,52.82) | |
Private | 48.22(46.98,49.46) | 44.28(41.93,46.66) | |
Uninsured | 1.46(1.17,1.82) | 5.29(4.16,6.70) | |
Smoking status | < 0.001 | ||
Never | 30.67(29.53,31.85) | 27.61(25.43,29.90) | |
Previous | 40.32(39.17,41.49) | 29.74(27.61,31.97) | |
Current | 29.00(27.90,30.13) | 42.65(40.19,45.16) | |
Alcohol drinking statusa | 0.146 | ||
Never | 16.33(15.34,17.37) | 14.32(12.64,16.17) | |
Previous | 28.96(27.86,30.09) | 29.08(26.76,31.51) | |
Current | 54.71(53.44,55.97) | 56.60(53.93,59.24) | |
Morbidities | |||
Hypertension | 61.14(59.94,62.34) | 60.68(58.24,63.06) | 0.733 |
High cholesterol | 51.43(50.30,52.56) | 52.39(49.94,54.84) | 0.479 |
Coronary heart disease | 33.70(32.59,34.82) | 34.13(31.74,36.60) | 0.756 |
Stroke | 10.67(10.00,11.38) | 10.48(9.16,11.96) | 0.808 |
Asthma | 36.69(35.62,37.77) | 47.94(45.57,50.33) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 21.62(20.75,22.52) | 18.64(16.87,20.54) | 0.006 |
Diabetes | 22.16(21.25,23.10) | 26.10(24.04,28.28) | 0.001 |
Chronic kidney diseasea | 7.83(7.21,8.50) | 9.93(8.41,11.69) | 0.022 |
Insufficient physical activitya | 82.27(80.92,83.54) | 83.89(81.05,86.37) | 0.269 |
BMI | < 0.001 | ||
Normal (< 25 kg/m2) | 18.20(17.32,19.13) | 16.92(15.14,18.87) | |
Overweight (25–30 kg/m2) | 28.90(27.87,29.94) | 24.43(22.48,26.50) | |
Obese (> 30 kg/m2) | 52.90(51.72,54.07) | 58.64(56.28,60.97) |