The role of collectivism, liberty, COVID fatigue, and fatalism in public support for the zero-COVID policy and relaxing restrictions in China

Table 4 Direct and total relationships between the predictor variables and support for covid policies

	Support for Zero-COVID												Support for relaxing restrictions
	Direct Effect						Total effect						Direct effect						Total effect
Predictor	B		SE		b		B		SE		b		B		SE		b		B		SE		b
Control variable
Gender (1 = male, 2 = female)	-0.04	0.04		− 0.02		-0.11		0.06		− 0.05+		0.04		0.06		0.01		0.09		0.11		0.02
Age (year)	0.00	0.00		− 0.03		0.00		0.00		0.01		0.01		0.00		0.03		0.02		0.01		0.07^*
Education (year)	-0.01	0.01		− 0.01		-0.01		0.01		− 0.02		0.01		0.01		0.01		-0.02		0.02		− 0.03
Annual income (1 = 10 K)	0.01	0.00		0.03		0.00		0.00		− 0.01		0.00		0.00		0.01		0.01		0.01		0.03
Political philosophy	-0.07	0.02		− 0.08^***		-0.08		0.02		− 0.10^***		0.02		0.02		0.01		0.18		0.04		0.14^***
Time of survey (0 = June, 1 = December)	-0.07	0.05		− 0.03		-0.35		0.06		− 0.15^***		0.04		0.06		0.01		1.18		0.11		0.32^***
Antecedent variable
COVID fatigue	-0.09	0.02		− 0.10^***		-0.35		0.03		− 0.40^***		0.10		0.03		0.07^**		0.41		0.05		0.30^***
Fatalism	0.01	0.02		0.02		0.08		0.02		0.10^***		-0.01		0.02		− 0.01		-0.15		0.04		− 0.12^***
Liberty	-0.02	0.02		− 0.02		-0.05		0.03		− 0.06		0.05		0.03		0.04		0.21		0.06		0.15^***
Collectivism	0.12	0.04		0.08^**		0.48		0.06		0.31^***		-0.13		0.05		− 0.05^***		-0.36		0.10		− 0.15^***
Interaction effect
Liberty × time	-0.09	0.03		− 0.07^**		-0.08		0.05		− 0.07^*		-0.03		0.04		− 0.01		-0.18		0.08		− 0.09^*
Collectivism × time	-0.13	0.06		− 0.06^**		-0.05		0.08		− 0.02		-0.06		0.07		− 0.02		-0.015		0.14		− 0.00
Mediating variable
Health consequences of COVID policy	0.17	0.03		0.13^***		0.54		0.04		0.40^***		0.19		0.03		0.15^***		0.76		0.03		0.61^***
Perceived norm of COVID policy support	0.41	0.03		0.38^***								0.38		0.03		0.37^***
Hope	0.34	0.03		0.31^***								0.41		0.03		0.39^***

Note. N = 910 (N = 460 in June, N = 450 in December 2022). Model statistics for zero-COVID (direct effects): block 1 R² = 0.079, F(6, 903) = 12.96, p < .001; block 2 R² = 0.345, F(4, 899) = 134.95, p < .001; block 3 R² = 0.002, F(2, 897) = 1.74, p =.176; block 4 R² = 0.288, F(3, 894) = 300.49, p < .001. Model statistics for relaxing restrictions (direct effects): block 1 R² = 0.162, F(6, 903) = 29.11, p < .001; block 2 R² = 0.145, F(4, 899) = 46.88, p < .001; block 3 R² = 0.004, F(2, 897) = 2.75, p =.176; block 4 R² = 0.491, F(3, 894) = 740.9, p < .001

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