Table 9 Results of asymmetric bootstrap Granger causality test
Countries | MOBIL ↛ LIFEXP (+) | LIFEXP ↛ MOBIL (+) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wald. Stat. | Bootstrap Critical Values | Wald. Stat. | Bootstrap Critical Values | |||||
1% | 5% | 10% | 1% | 5% | 10% | |||
Brazil | 565.4367 | 3812.3196 | 943.1240 | 604.3860 | 355.6662 | 51619.1036 | 1406.9773 | 843.8296 |
Chile | 566.0207 | 3642.9238 | 947.0138 | 601.5231 | 355.6657 | 4313.4299 | 1164.7782 | 763.1566 |
China | 598.9844* | 4841.8460 | 947.0978 | 595.3894 | 355.6657 | 4924.9710 | 1111.9786 | 806.4073 |
Colombia | 565.9841* | 3722.0261 | 976.0668 | 597.1208 | 355.6657 | 1785.5940 | 1078.0439 | 807.7678 |
Czechia | 565.9843* | 3492.5442 | 943.6050 | 579.6512 | 355.6656 | 14273.0168 | 1408.8308 | 810.2463 |
Egypt | 595.9837* | 3667.1669 | 974.6546 | 580.3547 | 355.6656 | 4462.9528 | 1178.5203 | 778.3899 |
Greece | 588.9837* | 3374.8667 | 948.9745 | 585.8479 | 355.6656 | 41818.2278 | 1386.3481 | 803.9952 |
Hungary | 565.9839 | 3407.6420 | 944.8847 | 594.4351 | 355.6656 | 77456.9746 | 1392.4886 | 847.0749 |
India | 595.9836* | 3453.5846 | 943.7163 | 585.6860 | 355.6657 | 4900.7274 | 1106.5492 | 806.6565 |
Indonesia | 565.9838 | 3598.5045 | 946.9344 | 587.4744 | 355.6657 | 7597.8481 | 1215.3103 | 845.4528 |
Korea | 565.9839 | 3872.8018 | 984.5980 | 603.1732 | 355.6656 | 87214.6315 | 1402.1667 | 855.8950 |
Kuwait | 597.9837* | 3832.4529 | 949.3820 | 587.5247 | 355.6656 | 4924.3725 | 1162.5570 | 812.3944 |
Malaysia | 565.9843 | 4224.3182 | 983.0466 | 604.5276 | 355.6657 | 1764.2725 | 1214.4106 | 773.7504 |
Mexico | 900.9843* | 3375.2399 | 926.9907 | 603.4964 | 355.6656 | 11854.8331 | 1199.4316 | 772.8167 |
Peru | 565.9830 | 3366.3168 | 936.7092 | 595.2261 | 355.6656 | 4820.8405 | 1123.1589 | 812.8708 |
Philippines | 565.9833 | 4181.2511 | 967.3380 | 593.8415 | 355.6656 | 88655.9364 | 1409.1255 | 816.4420 |
Poland | 565.9837 | 4852.9885 | 977.6153 | 587.1007 | 355.6656 | 78998.9626 | 1162.7511 | 807.4303 |
Qatar | 565.9908 | 3486.4058 | 922.0948 | 602.0380 | 355.6654 | 1804.2154 | 1258.8576 | 813.3655 |
Saudi Arabia | 565.9838 | 3485.0640 | 941.3370 | 599.9448 | 355.6656 | 4898.6249 | 1113.0103 | 812.7980 |
South Africa | 565.9852 | 3848.3770 | 972.9072 | 604.9485 | 355.6656 | 19706.4951 | 1170.5992 | 829.9784 |
Thailand | 565.9838 | 3891.7516 | 987.9217 | 601.9925 | 355.6656 | 4893.6159 | 1160.9646 | 812.9580 |
Turkiye | 599.9841* | 3478.3367 | 942.8258 | 583.2738 | 355.6713 | 4959.8749 | 1159.0802 | 837.3508 |
United Arab Emirates | 565.9838 | 3546.4875 | 943.0716 | 593.8109 | 355.6656 | 4956.4324 | 1162.0672 | 813.4123 |