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Table 7 Results of JKS (2021) Granger non-causality test

From: ICT penetration and life expectancy in emerging market economies: panel evidence from asymmetric causality analysis

Null Hypothesis

H.P.J. Wald test

P values

Selected covariates ↛ LIFEXP

12.8086

0.0017

MOBIL ↛ LIFEXP

5.3376

0.0209

LIFEXP ↛ MOBIL

67.9656

0.0000

INTERNET ↛ LIFEXP

0.5916

0.7439

LIFEXP ↛ INTERNET

172.4861

0.0000

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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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