Table 10 Results of asymmetric bootstrap Granger causality test
Country | INTERNET ↛ LIFEXP (-) | LIFEXP ↛ INTERNET (-) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wald. Stat. | Bootstrap Critical Values | Wald. Stat. | Bootstrap Critical Values | |||||
1% | 5% | 10% | 1% | 5% | 10% | |||
Brazil | 601.8000* | 1885.5791 | 908.2627 | 511.3923 | 673.6025* | 2164.6313 | 1335.5862 | 647.3300 |
Chile | 608.8014* | 1880.4118 | 908.3144 | 559.2154 | 659.6025* | 3413.0624 | 1336.2877 | 647.3560 |
China | 602.7589* | 1846.5634 | 908.2799 | 511.2636 | 782.2867* | 2251.6898 | 1136.7039 | 624.0494 |
Colombia | 701.4623* | 1877.3001 | 893.4974 | 511.2455 | 881.0000* | 2210.2730 | 1326.3740 | 646.9940 |
Czechia | 600.2706* | 1879.7905 | 802.0624 | 511.1512 | 985.5107* | 1859.9582 | 1336.7869 | 644.1122 |
Egypt | 503.5255* | 1883.4063 | 905.2983 | 484.1079 | 980.4717* | 1855.7709 | 1277.7051 | 632.6240 |
Greece | 602.6743* | 3046.5859 | 921.1395 | 559.6518 | 657.4191* | 2165.7440 | 1343.0349 | 647.2314 |
Hungary | 709.3765* | 1888.5431 | 799.2246 | 484.4059 | 886.8280* | 4263.0216 | 1677.2190 | 804.5299 |
India | 705.7624* | 2053.5983 | 961.2498 | 559.6407 | 989.5906* | 13460.1502 | 1676.1072 | 821.5879 |
Indonesia | 601.7881* | 1883.0376 | 907.9066 | 511.2717 | 689.5915* | 2227.9145 | 1229.7021 | 647.0472 |
Korea | 501.7827* | 1842.9369 | 780.0236 | 484.0532 | 865.9756* | 2225.4575 | 1239.5612 | 646.9657 |
Kuwait | 701.7699* | 1543.3128 | 896.8213 | 511.2010 | 687.9575* | 2222.3936 | 1325.2219 | 633.7524 |
Malaysia | 600.9265* | 1885.4935 | 907.9935 | 511.1983 | 775.3794* | 2221.6877 | 1126.7975 | 623.2690 |
Mexico | 682.7273* | 1877.3300 | 800.5795 | 511.2708 | 990.6249* | 19136.2496 | 1588.6225 | 819.7078 |
Peru | 697.5982* | 1849.6077 | 906.4144 | 511.1488 | 720.5560* | 2284.1760 | 1220.0038 | 624.0953 |
Philippines | 704.5323* | 1852.4743 | 706.3812 | 511.0007 | 700.4931* | 2280.3157 | 1340.3830 | 633.5815 |
Poland | 508.7952* | 1867.4580 | 883.1288 | 480.1159 | 699.4213* | 2275.5458 | 1337.5934 | 646.4503 |
Qatar | 604.6290* | 1853.7777 | 829.5298 | 511.3587 | 690.5805* | 2286.9815 | 1338.1316 | 647.0331 |
Saudi Arabia | 601.7393* | 1849.6497 | 891.2299 | 483.7114 | 689.5090* | 2301.8433 | 1335.7199 | 647.0803 |
South Africa | 708.5846* | 1887.3339 | 908.5727 | 511.3519 | 672.6127* | 2195.3396 | 1346.5409 | 632.6496 |
Thailand | 794.8346* | 1544.8064 | 908.7169 | 511.3496 | 788.6187* | 2221.0260 | 1345.8264 | 646.9839 |
Turkiye | 697.6750* | 1889.9811 | 802.8486 | 511.1471 | 981.1980* | 1965.5648 | 1330.7510 | 821.3027 |
United Arab Emirates | 709.0836* | 1888.7375 | 852.9333 | 511.2591 | 688.4297* | 2226.6251 | 1334.7541 | 647.2732 |