Table 3 Quantile regression of out-of-pocket expenditures associated with double disease
Outcome variable: Adult-equivalent Monthly OOPE | P10 | P25 | P50 | P75 | P90 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province (RC: Punjab) | ||||||||
KP | 6.566*** | 6.254 | 5.624 | -19.04 | -46.72* | |||
(2.274) | (5.003) | (14.66) | (20.84) | (25.75) | ||||
Sindh | 0.974 | 2.384 | 25.69* | 1.221 | -54.43** | |||
(2.556) | (3.659) | (15.07) | (18.63) | (21.43) | ||||
Baluchistan | 4.952 | 13.19* | 47.20** | 4.860 | -112.0*** | |||
(5.439) | (7.479) | (18.51) | (25.65) | (30.81) | ||||
Number of dual diseases | ||||||||
313.2*** | 293.6** | 258.8*** | 149.8** | 6.053 | ||||
(119.5) | (114.9) | (63.99) | (59.52) | (92.36) | ||||
Education (RC: Higher education) | ||||||||
No education | 0.860 | 0.657 | -3.160 | 3.996 | -6.206 | |||
(3.173) | (4.151) | (12.09) | (14.49) | (23.30) | ||||
Primary | -0.288 | -2.776 | 2.566 | 3.201 | 21.04 | |||
(2.418) | (3.478) | (13.02) | (22.85) | (26.81) | ||||
Secondary | 2.955 | 0.787 | 16.24 | 60.20* | 98.39*** | |||
(4.473) | (5.766) | (23.64) | (31.22) | (37.87) | ||||
Married head (RC: Unmarried) | ||||||||
-2.475 | 5.248 | 33.06 | 29.36 | -33.79 | ||||
(5.431) | (7.710) | (25.20) | (40.72) | (38.89) | ||||
Female (RC: Male) | ||||||||
9.816 | 3.031 | 2.605 | 44.85 | 101.0 | ||||
(6.277) | (5.960) | (25.34) | (48.79) | (85.04) | ||||
Employed (RC: unemployed head) | ||||||||
-2.870 | -11.03** | -52.91*** | -41.72* | -65.61** | ||||
(2.896) | (5.027) | (17.34) | (22.91) | (32.00) | ||||
Head’s age | -0.860*** | -1.436*** | -2.417*** | -2.424*** | -2.759*** | |||
(0.104) | (0.180) | (0.390) | (0.726) | (0.870) | ||||
Older members | -5.533*** | 2.615 | 44.11*** | 43.37*** | 45.01** | |||
(1.731) | (2.674) | (8.739) | (10.51) | (17.72) | ||||
Household Size | -73.82*** | -75.02*** | -67.65*** | -63.35*** | -63.40*** | |||
(1.773) | (2.187) | (2.869) | (3.101) | (3.658) | ||||
Outpatient (RC: In-patient) | ||||||||
-3.525 | -2.810 | -12.08 | 6.543 | -3.807 | ||||
(4.366) | (4.393) | (12.06) | (24.06) | (30.37) | ||||
Public (RC: Private healthcare provider) | ||||||||
-3.734* | -13.55*** | -70.73*** | -139.1*** | -213.4*** | ||||
(2.223) | (3.130) | (13.78) | (21.99) | (46.85) | ||||
Rural (RC: Urban) | ||||||||
2.862 | 4.763* | 6.507 | -14.46 | -33.60 | ||||
(2.016) | (2.531) | (11.66) | (15.44) | (24.55) | ||||
Quantiles (RC: Quantile 1) | ||||||||
Q2 | -15.26*** | -27.23*** | -94.11*** | -89.92*** | -155.1*** | |||
(3.415) | (4.442) | (17.65) | (24.79) | (35.42) | ||||
Q3 | -25.68*** | -30.76*** | -89.55*** | -104.6*** | -179.9*** | |||
(3.855) | (5.472) | (17.43) | (33.23) | (35.36) | ||||
Q4 | -25.59*** | -27.23*** | -62.58*** | -84.71*** | -192.5*** | |||
(3.856) | (6.292) | (23.40) | (25.77) | (38.69) | ||||
Q5 | -25.95*** | -14.34** | 9.895 | 26.88 | -32.96 | |||
(4.117) | (6.049) | (30.87) | (36.21) | (50.96) | ||||
Constant | 1,499*** | 1,556*** | 1,699*** | 1,804*** | 2,100*** | |||
(117.6) | (115.7) | (68.39) | (72.61) | (101.2) | ||||
Observations | 6,381 | 6,381 | 6,381 | 6,381 | 6,381 | |||