Factors associated with depressive symptoms among returnee migrants and non-migrants working adults in Madi municipality in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study

Table 3 Predictors of depression among 725 returnee migrants and non-migrants working adults in Nepal

Variable	Depression
	OR (95% CI) Unadjusted	p-value	AOR (95% CI) Adjusted	p-value
Demographic and Socio-economic characteristics
Migration status
Migrants	1.0		1.0
Non-migrants	0.49 (0.30–0.81)	0.005	2.25 (0.96–5.29)	0.062
Age
<30 years	1.0		1.0
30–39 years	1.17 (0.57–2.38)	0.674	1.15 (0.49–2.73)	0.749
>40 years	1.67 (0.86–3.22)	0.130	1.07 (0.42–2.69)	0.893
Ethnicity
Brahmin/Chhetri/Thakuri	1.0		1.0
Dalit	1.86 (0.95–3.66)	0.072	1.01 (0.46–2.21)	0.990
Janajati/Madheshi	1.19 (0.69–2.04)	0.530	0.66 (0.33–1.32)	0.244
Religion
Hindu	1.0		1.0
Buddha/Christian	2.01 (1.06–3.78)	0.031	2.20 (1.03–4.68)	0.041
Education
Higher Education	1.0		1.0
Secondary/SLC	0.88 (0.37–2.08)	0.772	0.75 (0.29–1.91)	0.546
No Edu./Primary	2.35 (1.01–5.51)	0.049	1.19 (0.41–3.38)	0.748
Marital status
Married	1.0		1.0
Unmarried	1.36 (0.62–2.99)	0.440	4.07 (1.11–14.92)	0.034
Health insurance
Yes	1.0		1.0
No	2.08 (1.26–3.42)	0.004	1.24 (0.68–2.26)	0.476
Number of children
No Children	1.0		1.0
1–2 Children	1.35 (0.58–3.13)	0.486	3.28 (0.84–12.91)	0.089
> 2 Children	2.84 (1.21–6.67)	0.016	4.80 (1.15–20.05)	0.032
Income
>40,000 ($356)	1.0		1.0
30,000–40,000 ($267-$356)	1.98 (0.84–4.70)	0.119	1.99 (0.81–4.84)	0.132
<30,000 ($267)	4.36 (2.22–8.56)	< 0.001	5.88 (2.17–15.96)	< 0.001
Wealth Index
Rich	1.0		1.0
Middle	1.33 (0.68–2.61)	0.399	0.89 (0.43–1.86)	0.760
Poor	2.85 (1.42–5.70)	0.003	1.27 (0.52–3.06)	0.601

Note: BDI cut of score 16:17 (or 17 or more) is considered to indicate depression. [Score 0–16 = No depression, 17 through highest = Depression]; B/C/T = Brahmin/Chhetri/Thakuri

ISSN: 1471-2458