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Table 2 Characteristics of study participants, (N = 320)

From: Smoke exposure, hemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anemia: a cross-sectional study in urban informal settlement in Southern Ghana

Participant characteristics

n

(%)

Age (yrs)

< 30

123

38.4

30–40

109

34.1

41+

88

27.5

Gender

  

Male

163

50.9

Female

157

49.1

Marital Status

aSingle

120

37.5

Married/cohabiting

200

62.5

Ethnicity

Akan

63

19.7

Ewe

27

8.4

Ga

202

63.1

Hausa

16

5.0

bOthers

12

3.8

Occupation

Manager/Manageress/Professionals

71

22.2

Fisheries/petty trade

156

48.8

Craftsmanship

60

18.8

Unemployed/pensioner/student

33

10.3

Highest educational qualification

Never attended

38

11.9

Pre-primary/Primary/JHS/SSS

172

53.8

Technical professional certificate/diploma

54

16.9

Bachelor/Postgraduate

56

17.5

Household monthly income (Ghana Cedis)

< 250

40

12.5

250–500

81

25.3

510-1,000

64

20.0

1,100-1,500

75

23.4

1,500-2,000

42

13.1

> 2,000

18

5.6

Body Max Index

Normal Weight

56

17.5

Overweight

118

36.9

Obese

146

45.6

No. of years lived in the current house (yrs)

<5

88

27.5

6–10

80

25.0

11+

152

47.5

No. of people living in a household

< 10

77

24.1

10–20

144

45.0

>20

99

30.9

Main source of drinking water for household

  

cImproved

279

87.2

dUnimproved

41

12.8

Household access to a toilet facility

No

133

41.6

Yes

187

58.4

Type of sanitation facility

eUnimproved

133

41.6

fImproved

187

58.4

Last time you took anti-helminthic?

Within 3 months

136

42.5

More than 3 months ago

90

28.1

Over a year

94

29.4

RDT for malaria parasite

Negative

281

87.8

Positive

39

12.2

  1. Note: JHS is Junior High Secondary, SHS is Senior High Secondary
  2. Note; aSingle includes Unmarried, Separated, Widowed or Divorced
  3. bOthers include: Fafra, Fante, Ga-dangme, Nzema, HB; RDT = Rapid Diagnostic Test)
  4. cimproved water source refers to piped household water connection system, borehole, protected spring, protected dug well,, public standpipe, rain water collection; dunimproved water source refers to unprotected spring, unprotected dug well, surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, etc.), bottled water, vendor-provided water, tanker truck water)
  5. eimproved sanitation facility also refers to toilet facilities with sewer, connections, septic tank, pour-flush latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines and pit latrines with slab or covered pit; funimproved sanitation facility refers hanging latrines, bucket latrines, open defecation, pit latrines with no slabs or open pit); as defined by World Health Organization (2012)