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Table 9 Effect of seasonality on HDDS using Poisson fixed effects

From: Food safety and dietary diversity in African urban cities: evidence from Ghana

Variables

HDDS

Season (Dry)

-0.025

(0.120)

Characteristics of household

 Age of household head

0.005

(0.009)

 Sex of household head (Male)

0.237

(0.146)

 Household size

0.033**

(0.017)

Education of household head*

 Primary

0.163

(0.154)

 Secondary

0.088

(0.178)

 Tertiary

-0.318

(0.363)

Household wealth index

0.035***

(0.009)

Household food safety knowledge

0.004**

(0.001)

Marital status of household head

 Single

-0.929***

(0.277)

 Monogamous

-0.459***

(0.098)

 Polygamous

-0.676*

(0.372)

 Price of maize+

0.136

(0.641)

 Price of tomatoesa

0.016

(0.023)

Employment status

 Employment status of household head

-0.010

(0.043)

 Percent of household members employed

0.001*

(0.001)

Self-reported covid-19 effect

 Affected price of staple foods

-0.031

(0.030)

 Affected price of vegetables

0.027

(0.034)

Constant

 Observations

1,212

R-squared

 Number of unique respondents

606

  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
  2. * Reference base for educational level is “No formal education”
  3. +Real price of maize and tomatoes are computed based on ESOKO-Ghana December and June price averages from 2013 to 2020