Synergistic associations of antenatal care visits and iron-folic acid supplementation with low birth weight: a pooled analysis of national surveys from six south Asian countries

Table 3 Association of ANC visits and iron-folic acid consumption with low birth weight in the South Asian region

Model	Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)*
Model a
ANC visits	p < 0.001
≥ 4 visits	1.0
1–3 visits	1.09 (1.05, 1.14)
No visit	1.24 (1.16, 1.34)
Iron-folic acid consumption	p < 0.001
> 90 days	1.00
1–90 days	1.11 (1.06, 1.16)
None	1.14 (1.08, 1.21)
Model b
Number of antenatal visits	p < 0.001
4 or more ANC	1.00
Less than 4 ANC	1.13 (1.08, 1.18)
Iron-folic acid consumption	p < 0.001
≥ 180 days	1.00
< 180 days	1.13 (1.08, 1.18)
Model c
ANC visits and iron-folic acid consumption	p < 0.001
≥ 4 visits and ≥ 180 days	1.0
≥ 4 visits and < 180 days	1.15 (1.09, 1.22)
< 4 visits and ≥ 180 days	1.18 (1.08, 1.3)
< 4 visits and < 180 days	1.29 (1.22, 1.36)

*Model a to c were adjusted for infant sex, maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, household wealth, place of residence, type of cooking fuel, maternal smoking, and birth order. Full results shown in supplementary tables. ANC: Antenatal care

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