Table 1 Baseline characteristics between study participants with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Variables | Non-T2DM group (n = 8,505) | T2DM group (n = 778) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 47.02 ± 8.21 | 52.01 ± 7.34 | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | |||
 Men | 4174 (91.84) | 371 (8.16) | 0.458 |
 Women | 4331 (91.41) | 407 (8.59) | |
Residency, n (%) | |||
 Urban | 5064 (90.82) | 512 (9.18) | 0.001 |
 Rural | 3441 (92.82) | 266 (7.18) | |
Socioeconomic status, n (%) | |||
 1(lowest) | 2777 (32.66) | 242 (31.15) | 0.242 |
 2 | 2822 (33.19) | 281 (36.16) | |
 3(Highest) | 2904 (34.15) | 254 (32.69) | |
 Current smoker, n (%) | 981 (11.60) | 84 (10.81) | < 0.001 |
 Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 427 (5.02) | 34 (4.37) | 0.424 |
Physical activity (Met h/day),n (%) | |||
 Low (24-36.5) | 2548 (29.96) | 285 (36.63) | < 0.001 |
 Moderate (36.6–44.9) | 4003 (47.07) | 365 (46.92) | |
 Vigorous (≥ 45) | 1954 (22.97) | 128 (16.45) | |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 1233 (14.50) | 255 (32.78) | < 0.001 |
 Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 3659 (43.02) | 520 (66.84) | < 0.001 |
 Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 1253 (14.73) | 336 (43.19) | < 0.001 |
 Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 4601 (54.10) | 525 (67.48) | < 0.001 |
 General obesity, n (%) | 2186 (25.70) | 287 (36.89) | < 0.001 |
 Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) | 90.45 ± 9.73 | 167.67 ± 61.56 | < 0.001 |
 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) | 111.98 ± 30.97 | 110.56 ± 34.97 | 0.113 |
 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46.38 ± 11.24 | 43.77 ± 10.98 | < 0.001 |
 Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 134.65 ± 77.33 | 182.97 ± 131.53 | < 0.001 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 185.23 ± 37.14 | 190.67 ± 43.85 | 0.001 |
 Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2723.62 ± 960.14 | 2592.36 ± 36.66 | 0.003 |