Table 2 Associations between various demographic characteristics of participants in the Effects of Physical Activity Calorie Expenditure (PACE) Food Labeling research study (2015–2017) and their average HEI-2015 meal score (n = 378)
From: Who chooses “healthy” meals? An analysis of lunchtime meal quality in a workplace cafeteria
Characteristic | Healthy Eating Index-2015 Meal Score Mean (Standard Deviation) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
Age group | 0.09 | |
Age < 45 | 46.6 (7.0) | |
Age ≥ 45 | 47.8 (6.5) | |
Sex | 0.13 | |
Female | 46.7 (6.0) | |
Male | 48.3 (9.0) | |
Race | < 0.001* | |
Asian | 51.5 (9.0) | |
Other | 48.1 (5.4) | |
White | 47.8 (7.1) | |
Black | 45.7 (5.8) | |
Education level | < 0.001† | |
High school | 44.6 (5.8) | |
Technical school/Associates degree | 46.3 (6.6) | |
College graduate | 47.0 (6.5) | |
Master’s degree+ | 49.1 (7.2) | |
Current smoker | < 0.001 | |
Yes | 41.9 (7.3) | |
No | 47.4 (6.7) | |
Adequatea numeracy level | 0.008 | |
Yes | 47.9 (6.8) | |
No | 46.0 (6.6) | |
Adequateb health literacy level | 0.005 | |
Yes | 47.8 (6.4) | |
No | 45.6 (7.4) | |
Self-reported health status | 0.047‡ | |
Excellent/very good | 47.9 (7.2) | |
Good | 46.1 (6.5) | |
Fair/poor | 46.5 (4.6) | |
Total yearly household income | < 0.001§ | |
$25,000-$49,999 | 44.9 (6.1) | |
$50,000-$99,999 | 47.1 (6.6) | |
$100,000+ | 49.1 (7.0) | |
Occupation description | 0.006¶ | |
Administration/clerical | 46.0 (5.3) | |
Customer service/sales | 45.3 (7.3) | |
Financial/technical | 48.0 (6.6) | |
Management | 48.2 (7.2) | |
Physical activity level (minutes per week) | < 0.001# | |
1–0-59 | 44.5 (5.4) | |
2–60-149 | 47.7 (5.9) | |
3–150-299 | 46.4 (7.2) | |
4–300+ | 50.5 (6.0) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.18 | |
<25 | 47.9 (6.5) | |
25.1–29.9 | 47.9 (7.2) | |
≥30 | 46.5 (6.1) | |
High blood pressure | 0.86 | |
Yes | 47.2 (5.9) | |
No | 47.0 (7.0) | |
High cholesterol | 0.87 | |
Yes | 47.2 (7.5) | |
No | 47.1 (6.6) | |
History diabetes | 0.96 | |
Yes | 47.0 (6.6) | |
No | 47.1 (6.8) |