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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, weighted

From: Association between higher triglyceride glucose index and increased risk of osteoarthritis: data from NHANES 2015–2020

Variables

Quartiles of TyG

P value

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Age [year]

40.67 ± 16.67

48.49 ± 17.62

51.09 ± 16.41

52.24 ± 15.72

< 0.0001

Gender (%)

    

< 0.0001

Male

41.18

47.65

51.87

55.91

 

Female

58.82

52.35

48.13

44.09

 

PIR (%)

3.19 ± 1.54

3.08 ± 1.56

3.05 ± 1.60

2.97 ± 1.51

0.0163

Race (%)

    

< 0.0001

Mexican American

7.09

7.56

10.03

11.63

 

Other Hispanic

5.53

7.77

8.42

6.98

 

Non-Hispanic white

61.74

62.08

62.13

64.69

 

Non-Hispanic black

17.41

11.98

8.45

5.04

 

Other races

8.23

10.61

10.97

11.66

 

Education level (%)

    

0.0070

Under high school

14.97

19.03

19.90

19.38

 

High school or equivalent

22.36

25.40

22.79

25.34

 

Above high school

62.68

55.57

57.31

55.28

 

BMI (%)

    

< 0.0001

Normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2)

50.54

26.82

17.83

10.94

 

Overweight (25 ≤ BMI ˂30 kg/m2)

29.55

37.25

35.51

31.84

 

Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)

19.91

35.93

46.66

57.22

 

Cigarette Use (%)

    

< 0.0001

Yes (Smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes in life)

41.05

39.80

44.23

50.06

 

No (Smoked < 100 cigarettes in life)

58.95

60.20

55.77

49.94

 

Alcohol Use (%)

    

< 0.0001

Yes (drink at least once a month)

55.80

53.74

49.47

44.22

 

No (drink no more than once a month)

36.10

35.55

39.90

44.05

 

Hypertension (%)

    

< 0.0001

Yes

17.57

27.17

38.49

45.93

 

No

82.43

72.83

61.51

54.07

 

Diabetes (%)

     

Yes

2.07

5.21

12.09

27.06

< 0.0001

No

97.93

94.79

87.91

72.94

 

Moderate physical activity (%)

    

0.0002

Yes

76.12

70.79

69.00

67.85

 

No

23.88

29.21

31.00

32.15

 

Insulin ((µU/L)

7.86 ± 6.34

11.30 ± 10.35

16.34 ± 29.90

21.24 ± 30.46

< 0.0001

HOMA-IR

1.93 ± 1.72

2.96 ± 3.25

4.63 ± 8.69

7.49 ± 15.84

< 0.0001

CRP [mg/L]

2.45 ± 5.24

4.08 ± 8.02

4.34 ± 6.97

4.64 ± 7.51

< 0.0001

ALT [U/L]

18.31 ± 14.12

20.53 ± 14.25

24.38 ± 18.68

26.50 ± 18.00

< 0.0001

AST [U/L]

20.71 ± 12.23

21.34 ± 10.68

22.49 ± 14.66

22.26 ± 10.70

0.0037

BUN [[mg/dL]

13.92 ± 4.94

14.41 ± 5.04

14.81 ± 5.45

15.82 ± 6.29

< 0.0001

UA [mg/dL]

4.87 ± 1.27

5.28 ± 1.25

5.65 ± 1.42

5.90 ± 1.45

< 0.0001

HDL-cholesterol [mg/dL]

63.01 ± 16.54

58.05 ± 15.83

50.54 ± 13.13

44.53 ± 10.54

< 0.0001

LDL-cholesterol [mg/dL]

95.53 ± 28.11

109.95 ± 32.16

116.46 ± 35.39

117.05 ± 39.72

< 0.0001

TyG [g/cm2]

7.70 ± 0.26

8.25 ± 0.13

8.68 ± 0.13

9.34 ± 0.36

< 0.0001

Osteoarthritis (%)

9.05

12.76

18.25

17.66

< 0.0001

  1. Mean ± SD for continuous variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model. (%) for categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test
  2. PIR, Poverty-to-income ratio; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; CRP, C-Reactive Protein; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; HDL-cholesterol, high-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TyG, Triglyceride–Glucose
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