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Table 4 Predicted probabilities (%) for each outcome at certain levels of each socioeconomic determinant and stratified by ownership of insurance

From: Unraveling socioeconomic determinants of health-related behavior, reception of information, and perceptions on disease disclosure at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: did health insurance curb the disparities in the Philippines?

Variable interactions

Receipt of information about COVID-19

Refusal to disclose disease

Uptake of free preventive services

Treatment-seeking behavior

Predicted probability,%

Difference, pp

p-value

Predicted probability,%

Difference, pp

p-value

Predicted probability,%

Difference, pp

p-value

Predicted probability,%

Difference, pp

p-value

Wealth

No health insurance

poor

62.6 (60.1,65.1)*

ref

0.3075

8.7 (7.2,10.2)*

ref

0.0351

59.2 (55.9,62.5)*

ref

0.3775

23.4 (17.7,29.1)*

ref

0.0895

nonpoor

66.9 (63.7,70)*

4.2 (0.3,8.1)*

6.9 (5.4,8.4)*

-1.7 (-3.6,0.1)

61 (56.6,65.4)*

1.8 (-2.6,6.2)

28.8 (23.6,34.1)*

5.6 (-2,13.2)

with Philhealth only

poor

69.9 (68,71.8)*

ref

5.8 (4.8,6.8)*

ref

59.7 (56.8,62.6)*

ref

26.6 (23.1,30)*

ref

nonpoor

75.5 (73.9,77.1)*

5.6 (3.3,7.9)*

6.1 (5.4,6.7)*

0.3 (-0.9,1.4)

63.8 (61.6,66.1)*

4.2 (1,7.4)*

39.2 (35.7,42.7)*

12.6 (7.2,18.1)*

with Philhealth and other insurance

poor

70.2 (62.8,77.6)*

ref

4.3 (2.2,6.4)*

ref

62 (50.9,73.1)*

ref

30.2 (16.2,44.3)*

ref

nonpoor

79 (74.8,83.1)*

9.4 (0.7,18.1)*

6.9 (4.6,9.3)*

2.5 (-0.6,5.6)

60.4 (54.5,66.2)*

-1.7 (-14,10.6)

59.7 (51.3,68.1)*

29.2 (13.2,45.2)*

Education

No health insurance

lower than secondary

58.6 (55.3,61.8)*

ref

0.3667

9.4 (7.3,11.5)*

ref

0.0585

55.2 (50.5,59.9)*

ref

0.0113

29.1 (20,38.3)*

ref

0.2165

At least secondary

67.3 (65.1,69.6)*

8.6 (5.2,12)*

7.2 (6,8.4)*

-2.1 (-4.2,0.1)

62.2 (58.8,65.6)*

6.9 (2.2,11.6)*

25 (20.2,29.8)*

-4.4 (-15.4,6.7)

with Philhealth only

lower than secondary

69.5 (67.5,71.6)*

ref

6.1 (4.8,7.4)*

ref

61.1 (58,64.3)*

ref

30.4 (25.6,35.1)*

ref

At least secondary

74.7 (73.3,76.2)*

5.2 (3.1,7.4)*

5.9 (5.3,6.5)*

-0.2 (-1.6,1.3)

62.8 (60.6,64.9)*

1.6 (-1.6,4.9)

35.7 (33,38.5)*

5.3 (-0.3,11)

with Philhealth and other insurance

lower than secondary

71 (63,79)*

ref

4.1 (1.2,6.9)*

ref

69.1 (59.1,79.2)*

ref

41.1 (17,65.2)*

ref

At least secondary

77.6 (73.8,81.5)*

7.1 (-1.2,15.3)

6.5 (4.5,8.5)*

2.4 (-0.7,5.5)

59.9 (54.3,65.5)*

-9.5 (-20.3,1.4)

56 (48.2,63.7)*

14.7 (-9.8,39.3)

Region in quartiles

No health insurance

I

59.9 (55.8,64)*

ref

0.0068

16.9 (12.2,21.7)*

ref

0.0012

60.3 (54,66.6)*

ref

> 0.0001

24.7 (16.8,32.7)*

ref

0.268

II

71.8 (67.8,75.8)*

11.6 (6.3,17)*

5.6 (4.2,6.9)*

-11.2 (-15.9,-6.5)*

60.9 (55.6,66.2)*

0.5 (-7.4,8.5)

25.3 (18.2,32.4)*

0.6 (-10.6,11.8)

III

60.8 (56.3,65.3)*

0.9 (-4.9,6.7)

5.8 (3.8,7.8)*

-11 (-16,-6)*

54.2 (47.2,61.2)*

-6.1 (-15.4,3.3)

21.9 (14.7,29)*

-3 (-14.3,8.2)

IV

64.1 (60.4,67.8)*

4.1 (-1.5,9.8)

7.1 (5.3,9)*

-9.7 (-14.5,-4.9)*

62.3 (56.3,68.3)*

1.9 (-7,10.8)

31 (21.8,40.1)*

6.5 (-6.3,19.2)

with Philhealth only

I

71.1 (68.3,74)*

ref

9.2 (5.3,13)*

ref

53.7 (47.7,59.7)*

ref

29.6 (24.5,34.6)*

ref

II

75.4 (73.1,77.7)*

4.3 (1,7.6)*

6.1 (5.2,7)*

-3.1 (-7.1,1)

55.5 (52.1,58.8)*

1.8 (-4.8,8.4)

27.9 (24.1,31.8)*

-1.6 (-7.9,4.6)

III

68.2 (65.6,70.7)*

-3 (-6.6,0.7)

5.1 (4,6.1)*

-4.1 (-8.2,0)*

56.7 (52,61.5)*

3.1 (-4.2,10.4)

34.4 (29.6,39.1)*

4.8 (-2,11.5)

IV

75.9 (73.4,78.4)*

4.7 (0.8,8.7)*

5.8 (5,6.7)*

-3.3 (-7.1,0.4)

70.2 (67.1,73.3)*

16.6 (9.6,23.6)*

41.7 (36.8,46.7)*

12.1 (4.7,19.5)*

with Philhealth and other insurance

I

76.3 (66.4,86.2)*

ref

9.2 (4.1,14.2)*

ref

71.3 (61.2,81.4)*

ref

35.6 (25.2,45.9)*

ref

II

79.3 (73.4,85.2)*

3.3 (-9.2,15.7)

7.3 (3.6,11)*

-1.8 (-7.8,4.2)

58.4 (47.6,69.2)*

-13.2 (-28.2,1.8)

46.6 (32.3,60.8)*

17 (1.4,32.7)*

III

81.4 (74.1,88.7)*

5.6 (-7.9,19)

6.2 (1.9,10.5)*

-2.9 (-9.3,3.6)

29.4 (20.1,38.7)*

-41.9 (-55.4,-28.3)*

53 (40.7,65.2)*

27.9 (10.9,44.8)*

IV

73.5 (67.1,79.9)*

-3.1 (-15.8,9.7)

5.2 (2.4,8.1)*

-3.8 (-9.4,1.8)

71 (63,79)*

-0.3 (-13.8,13.2)

63.6 (50.5,76.7)*

10.7 (-6.2,27.6)

  1. Abbreviation pp- percentage points
  2. ap-value for interaction