Table 2 Pre- or early-pregnancy characteristics of included pregnant individuals, per pregnancy, in the PROMISE Study Population, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI category

N

1658

26,262

24,310

14,673

6536

4160

Age at delivery [mean (SD)]

24.7 (5.4)

26.7 (6.0)

28.3 (6.1)

29.0 (6.1)

28.7 (5.9)

28.9 (5.6)

Age at delivery [%]

 < 20 years

16.8

11.7

7.0

5.1

4.7

2.9

 20 to < 25 years

36.9

28.1

22.8

20.8

21.9

21.5

 25 to < 30 years

27.0

28.3

28.6

28.2

29.6

31.4

 30 to < 35 years

13.9

20.4

24.5

25.1

25.5

26.5

 35 to < 40 years

4.4

9.4

13.7

16.2

14.4

14.6

 40 + years

1.0

2.1

3.5

4.7

3.9

3.2

Race and ethnicity

 NH-White

30.2

29.0

19.0

17.3

20.3

24.4

 NH-Black

17.5

11.4

10.8

12.2

14.6

18.8

 NH-Asian

12.8

7.0

3.3

2.0

1.3

0.8

 NH-Native HI/PI

<1

0.3

0.4

0.7

1.0

1.1

 NH AI/AN

<1

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.1

 NH-other

1.7

0.9

0.6

0.7

1.1

1.2

 Hispanic

33.6

47.7

63.1

64.6

58.8

50.7

 Unknown

3.4

3.2

2.4

2.0

2.3

2.0

Preferred spoken language

 English

69.2

59.0

47.7

50.1

62.0

73.5

 Spanish

16.7

31.4

45.5

44.5

33.9

24.1

 Other

13.9

9.5

6.7

5.4

3.9

2.3

 Unknown

<1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

Region

 OR

26.1

27.8

27.1

27.0

26.8

25.6

 CA

33.6

38.9

39.4

38.5

37.2

35.1

 WA

6.9

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.8

8.0

 Other

33.4

27.1

27.3

28.3

29.2

31.2

 Unknown

<1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

Income as a percent of FPL

 0–50%

38.8

30.6

28.0

28.4

30.5

33.1

 > 50–100%

18.8

20.0

24.8

26.3

24.9

23.4

 > 100–200%

15.1

18.9

20.6

20.4

20.2

18.8

 > 200%

5.5

6.8

5.5

5.4

5.1

4.8

 Unknown

21.7

23.8

21.1

19.5

19.4

20.0

Insurance status

 Uninsured

6.9

8.1

7.9

7.0

6.6

5.6

 Public

83.8

79.3

82.8

84.4

84.6

85.6

 Private

8.4

12.0

8.6

7.8

8.1

8.2

 Unknown

<1

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

Tobacco use (pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy)

 Current

13.4

9.0

7.1

7.9

10.7

13.6

 Former

6.2

8.0

7.1

7.4

9.5

12.3

 Never

38.1

44.4

51.5

52.6

49.3

45.1

 Unknown

42.3

38.5

34.2

32.1

30.5

29.0

Tobacco use (mid-late pregnancy)

 Current

14.1

8.1

6.0

5.9

8.4

10.0

 Former

12.3

12.8

10.7

11.7

14.8

19.0

 Never

57.7

63.7

68.8

69.0

64.2

58.6

 Unknown

15.9

15.4

14.5

13.4

12.6

12.4

Gestational age at first pregnancy encounter (weeks)

 < 6 weeks

23.3

24.2

26.7

29.0

29.9

32.1

 6 to < 9 weeks

29.2

30.5

32.3

31.8

32.5

32.0

 9 to < 14 weeks

23.9

26.6

25.9

25.4

23.9

22.6

 14 to < 28 weeks

18.0

14.7

12.3

11.5

11.4

10.7

 28 + weeks

5.6

4.1

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.5

Total number of pregnancy encounters in the second and third trimester

 0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

 1–2

7.4

5.7

5.9

6.2

7.1

8.8

 3–5

14.2

12.4

11.4

11.8

12.7

14.7

 6–10

48.0

46.1

44.0

42.7

42.0

39.5

 11–15

27.4

32.5

34.2

33.7

32.5

30.4

 16 + 

3.0

3.3

4.6

5.5

5.7

6.5