Quantifying the relationship between gardening and health and well-being in the UK: a survey during the covid-19 pandemic

Table 3 Odds Ratios (OR) for low well-being (WEMWBS < 43) as compared to moderate well-being (WEMWBS 43–59) a, b, c

Variable (reference category)	B (SE)	OR (95% CI)	p value
Constant	-0.04 (0.72)	0.96 (0.23–4.03)	0.96
Gender (Female)
Male	0.22 (0.49)	1.25 (0.47–3.18)	0.65
Age (18–34)
35–54	-0.19 (0.51)	0.83 (0.30–2.24)	0.70
55+	-1.00 (0.58)	0.37 (0.11–1.12)	0.08
IMD quintile (First)
Second	-1.51 (0.94)	0.22 (0.03–1.33)	0.11
Third	-0.82 (0.75)	0.44 (0.10–1.98)	0.28
Fourth	-0.48 (0.78)	0.62 (0.13–2.94)	0.54
Fifth	-1.15 (0.77)	0.32 (0.07–1.46)	0.14
Obesity (Not obese)
Obese	1.50 (0.52)	4.46 (1.63–12.65)	< 0.01
Allotment (No)
Yes	-1.12 (0.57)	0.33 (0.10–0.94)	< 0.05

^a Predictors and regression coefficients in the table are derived from the best fit model for the outcome based on the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Other explanatory variables tested include household income, household composition, higher education, caring responsibilities, smoking status, alcohol consumption, long-term health conditions, F&V intake, physical activity level, time spent gardening, and growing food, but these were dropped in the process of improving model fit
^b Model R² = 0.16 (Hosmer Lemeshow), 0.15 (Cox and Snell), 0.23 (Nagelkerke); χ² (9) = 27.47
^c Figures in bold are statistically significant at the 5% level (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1471-2458