Table 2 Hierarchical linear regression analysis of predictors of mental well-being (WEMWBS score) ^{a, b, c, d}

Constant

45.50 (1.35)

< 0.001

41.08 (2.91)

< 0.001

40.87 (3.08)

< 0.001

41.52 (3.16)

< 0.001

Gender (Female)

 Male

2.51 (1.38)

0.07

2.34 (1.36)

0.09

2.20 (1.35)

0.10

1.66 (1.34)

0.22

Age (18–34)

 35–54

1.79 (1.69)

0.29

1.80 (1.73)

0.30

1.93 (1.81)

0.29

1.09 (1.81)

0.55

 55+

5.96 (1.59)

< 0.001

5.56 (1.77)

< 0.01

5.20 (1.90)

< 0.01

3.25 (2.05)

0.11

IMD quintile (First)

 Second

5.78 (2.76)

< 0.05

6.13 (2.76)

< 0.05

6.14 (2.72)

< 0.05

 Third

1.14 (2.57)

0.66

1.84 (2.56)

0.47

1.69 (2.52)

0.50

 Fourth

2.41 (2.59)

0.35

2.80 (2.57)

0.28

3.27 (2.54)

0.20

 Fifth

2.04 (2.55)

0.42

2.09 (2.52)

0.41

2.59 (2.49)

0.30

Household (Alone)

 With partner

3.91 (1.74)

< 0.05

3.81 (1.70)

< 0.05

2.95 (1.71)

0.09

 With family

0.55 (2.05)

0.79

0.80 (2.01)

0.69

0.46 (2.00)

0.82

 Shared accommodation

4.81 (4.20)

0.25

4.95 (4.20)

0.24

4.37 (4.17)

0.30

Obesity (Not obese)

 Obese

-2.98 (1.61)

0.08

-2.45 (1.71)

0.15

Smoking (Non-smoker)

 Current- or ex-smoker

2.26 (1.30)

0.08

2.29 (1.30)

0.08

Daily F&V intake

(5 + portions)

 1 or 2 portions

-5.01 (2.57)

0.05

-4.85 (2.55)

0.06

 3 or 4 portions

0.29 (1.56)

0.85

-0.50 (1.57)

0.75

Weekly gardening time (0 h)

 1–5 h

-0.12 (1.63)

0.94

 6–10 h

-0.28 (1.90)

0.89

 11 + hours

4.57 (1.92)

< 0.05

R²

0.11

0.18

0.23

0.27

Adjusted R²

0.09

0.13

0.17

0.20