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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in NHANES, 2007 to 2020

From: Analysis of physical activity and prescription opioid use among US adults: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Participants, No. (Weighted %)

(N = 27,943)

Age, mean (SE), y

45.10 (0.2)

Sex

 Female

14,018 (50.0)

 Male

13,925 (50.0)

Race/ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic White

11,045 (66.0)

 Non-Hispanic Black

6,073 (10.8)

 Hispanic

2,900 (6.0)

 Mexican American

4,272 (9.0)

 Other races

3,653 (8.2)

Education

 Less than high school

2,397 (4.3)

 High school

10,366 (33.8)

 More than high school

15,180 (61.9)

Poverty-income ratio

  ≤ 130%

8,951 (21.4)

 130%-300%

8,800 (28.2)

  > 300%

10,192 (50.3)

Any insurance

 No

6,034 (17.2)

 Yes

21,909 (82.8)

Alcohol user

 Never

3,989 (10.5)

 Former

3,415 (9.7)

 Mild

9,644 (37.3)

 Moderate

4,715 (19.0)

 Heavy

6,180 (23.5)

Prescription opioid use

 No

26,337 (94.5)

 Yes

1,606 (5.5)

Duration and strength of prescription opioid usea

 No opioid use

26,337 (94.5)

 Short-term opioid use

244 (0.9)

 Long-term use of prescription opioid weaker than morphine

471 (1.4)

 long-term use of prescription opioid equal to morphine or stronger

891 (3.2)

Total PA, mean (SE), min/week

1053.26 (17.6)

OPA, mean (SE), min/week

741.37 (17.1)

TPA, mean (SE), min/week

73.39 (2.9)

LTPA, mean (SE), min/week

238.50 (5.2)

Total PA: sufficientb

17,600 (67.8)

OPA: sufficientb

10,234 (40.4)

TPA: sufficientb

3,930 (12.7)

LTPA: sufficientb

9,835 (39.9)

Cotinine, mean (SE), ng/mLc

56.60 (1.8)

  1. Abbreviations: NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, SE standard error, PA physical activity, OPA occupation-related PA, TPA transportation-related PA, LTPA leisure-time PA
  2. aPrescription opioids were categorized based on morphine equivalency criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  3. bSufficient refers to adherence with the 2018 PA guidelines (moderate-intensity PA ≥ 150 min/week)
  4. cSI conversion factor: To convert cotinine to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 5.675