The hidden burden of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in Palestine refugee camps: a focus on well-being and academic performance

Table 3 Multiple linear regression models for the association between dysmenorrhea and well-being (Model 1), and the association between dysmenorrhea and menstrual academic disruption (MAD) (Model 2). (N = 2657)

Well-being (WHO-5)			Coefficient	95%CI	p-value
Model 1a: Crude model/unadjusted model		2567	-2.10	[-2.45,-1.74]	< 0.001
Model 1b: Adjusted model ^a		2641	-1.45	[-1.82,-1.09]	< 0.001
Menstrual academic disruption (MAD)		N	Coefficient	95%CI	p-value
Model 2a: Crude model/ unadjusted model		2657	0.76	[0.73,0.80]	< 0.001
Model 2b: Adjusted model ^b		2641	0.74	[0.70,0.78]	< 0.001
Model 2c: Adjusted model with linear splines ^c	No to mild dysmenorrhea (score 0–4)	2641	0.07	[-0.05,0.19]	0.261
Model 2c: Adjusted model with linear splines ^c	Moderate and severe dysmenorrhea (score 4–12)	2641	0.95	[0.90,1.00]	< 0.001
Model 2d: Adjusted model with linear splines and correction for clustering by sisters	No to mild dysmenorrhea (score 0–4)	2641	0.08	[0.02,0.13]	0.006
	Moderate and severe dysmenorrhea (score 4–12)	2641	0.95	[0.90,1.00]	< 0.001

a: adjusted for age, country, locality of camp community, standards of living, reported economic status, skipping breakfast, dietary diversity, physical activity, menstrual cycle length, intensity of bleeding age at menarche
b: adjusted for age, country, locality of camp community, standards of living, reported economic status, skipping breakfast, dietary diversity, physical activity, menstrual cycle length, and intensity of bleeding
c: adjusted model with linear splines with at knot at dysmenorrhea = 4

ISSN: 1471-2458