Table 3 Results of multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis: determinants of pneumococcal vaccine uptake and hesitancy (expressed as delay vs. refusal) among respondents who answered on their own behalf (n = 2357)

Gender

 Male

40.6%

Ref.

34.4%

Ref.

25.0%

Ref.

 Female†

38.0%

−2.7

−5.8, 0.4

34.1%

−0.3

−3.9, 3.2

28.0%

3.0*

0.3, 5.8

Age group, y

 18–34

48.5%

Ref.

27.8%

Ref.

23.7%

Ref.

 35–44

51.3%

2.8

−4.0, 9.6

25.9%

−1.9

−9.2, 5.5

22.8%

−0.9

−7.3, 5.5

 45–54

35.9%

−12.6*

−19.4, −5.8

31.6%

3.8

−3.8, 11.4

32.5%

8.8*

2.4, 15.2

 55–64

30.4%

−18.1*

−24.9, − 11.3

39.5%

11.7*

4.0, 19.4

30.0%

6.4

0.0, 12.8

  ≥ 65

37.6%

−10.9*

− 16.9, − 4.9

36.7%

8.9*

2.2, 15.6

25.7%

2.0

−3.7, 7.8

NUTS statistical region

 Northwestern Italy

34.9%

Ref.

37.4%

Ref.

27.7%

Ref.

 Northeastern Italy

48.6%

13.7*

9.0, 18.4

26.8%

−10.7*

−15.9, −5.5

24.6%

−3.1

−7.2, 1.1

 Central Italy

42.7%

7.8*

3.2, 12.4

30.7%

−6.7*

−11.8, −1.6

26.6%

−1.1

−5.0, 2.8

 Southern Italy

37.6%

2.7

−1.7, 7.1

37.8%

0.4

−4.6, 5.4

24.6%

−3.1

−6.9, 0.6

 Insular Italy

32.7%

−2.2

−7.8, 3.4

38.0%

0.6

−5.9, 7.1

29.3%

1.6

−3.4, 6.6

Degree of urbanization‡

 City

39.3%

Ref.

35.4%

Ref.

25.2%

Ref.

 Town or suburb

39.7%

0.4

−3.0, 3.7

34.1%

−1.3

−5.0, 2.5

26.2%

0.9

−2.0, 3.9

 Rural area

39.1%

−0.3

−5.2, 4.6

30.5%

−4.9

−10.5, 0.7

30.4%

5.2*

0.7, 9.7

Educational attainment

 Post-graduate/Doctorate degree

45.2%

Ref.

31.5%

Ref.

23.3%

Ref.

 Academic degree

40.1%

−5.1

−11.2, 1.1

35.9%

4.4

−2.6, 11.5

23.9%

0.6

−5.2, 6.5

 High school diploma

38.9%

−6.3*

−12.0, −0.6

34.3%

2.9

−3.6, 9.3

26.7%

3.4

−1.9, 8.8

 Less than high school diploma

36.6%

−8.6*

−15.3, − 1.8

34.1%

2.6

−5.0, 10.3

29.2%

5.9*

0.0, 11.9

Pneumopathy

 No

38.0%

Ref.

33.7%

Ref.

28.3%

Ref.

 Yes

44.2%

6.2*

1.9, 10.6

36.6%

2.9

−2.2, 8.0

19.2%

−9.1*

−13.0, −5.2

Cardiopathy

 No

38.0%

Ref.

33.6%

Ref.

28.4%

Ref.

 Yes

44.0%

6.0*

2.1, 9.9

36.4%

2.8

−1.7, 7.3

19.6%

−8.8*

−12.2, −5.3

Diabetes

 No

37.5%

Ref.

34.4%

Ref.

28.1%

Ref.

 Yes

44.2%

6.8*

2.9, 10.7

34.2%

−0.3

−4.7, 4.2

21.6%

−6.5*

−10.0, −3.1

Worry about pneumococcal pneumonia

 Very worried

51.0%

Ref.

32.3%

Ref.

16.7%

Ref.

 Quite worried

41.5%

−9.5*

−17.5, −1.5

45.0%

12.7*

3.2, 22.1

13.6%

−3.2

−12.2, 5.9

 A little worried

38.4%

−12.6*

−20.5, −4.7

35.6%

3.3

−6.0, 12.5

26.0%

9.3*

0.4, 18.3

 Not worried

36.6%

−14.4*

−22.7, −6.2

21.0%

−11.3*

−20.9, −1.7

42.5%

25.8*

16.3, 35.2

Perception of vaccine safety

 Very safe

46.9%

Ref.

40.5%

Ref.

12.6%

Ref.

 Quite safe

39.0%

−7.9*

−12.5, −3.3

37.0%

−3.5

−8.8, 1.7

24.0%

11.4*

7.5, 15.4

 Quite/Very unsafe

29.7%

−17.3*

−24.1, − 10.4

17.0%

−23.5*

−30.5, −16.4

53.3%

40.7*

34.1, 47.3

Dear ones’ views on vaccination in general

 Very favorable

41.0%

Ref.

40.4%

Ref.

18.5%

Ref.

 Favorable

41.5%

0.4

−3.9, 4.7

35.3%

−5.2*

−10.1, −0.3

23.3%

4.8*

1.0, 8.5

 Quite favorable

37.1%

−4.0

−8.5, 0.6

32.1%

−8.4*

−13.5, − 3.3

30.8%

12.3*

8.3, 16.4

 Quite unfavorable

36.0%

−5.1

−11.8, 1.7

25.8%

−14.7*

−22.2, −7.1

38.2%

19.7*

13.6, 25.9

 Unfavorable/Very unfavorable

42.1%

1.1

−6.3, 8.4

28.5%

−12.0*

−20.2, −3.7

29.4%

10.9*

4.8, 17.0

Awareness of having priority for vaccination

 Yes

59.3%

Ref.

27.6%

Ref.

13.1%

Ref.

 No

18.7%

−40.5*

−45.7, −35.4

39.0%

11.4*

5.4, 17.3

42.3%

29.2*

24.1, 34.2

 Don’t know

21.5%

−37.8*

−41.9, − 33.6

46.3%

18.6*

14.3, 23.0

32.2%

19.1*

15.8, 22.4

Perceived ease of access to get the vaccine

 Very easy

45.3%

Ref.

27.1%

Ref.

27.5%

Ref.

 Quite easy

37.9%

−7.4*

−11.9, −2.9

34.2%

7.1*

1.9, 12.2

27.9%

0.4

−4.3, 5.0

 Quite/Very difficult

37.1%

−8.2*

−13.9, −2.6

40.5%

13.4*

7.0, 19.7

22.4%

−5.1*

−10.2, 0.0