Table 4 Adjusted^# population average (GEE) models¹ of HPV Vaccination Outcomes (Initiation, Series Completion, Hesitancy) and geographic-based socioeconomic factors by male and female child (n = 909)

Medically Underserved Area (MUA) vs. Non-MUA

0.98 (0.81–1.18)

1.17 (0.89–1.55)

1.14 (0.79–1.64)

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

1.19 (0.78–1.82)

1.22 (0.70–2.13)

Healthcare Provider Shortage Area (HPSA) vs. non-HPSA

1.06 (0.58–1.94)

1.02 (0.65–1.59)

1.64 (0.94–2.88)

0.65 (0.47–0.91)*

0.80 (0.45–1.41)

1.17 (0.67–2.05)

Persistent poverty vs. none

1.80 (0.71–4.56)

1.35 (0.56–3.26)

1.71 (0.52–5.65)

1.32 (0.53–3.33)

0.46 (0.25–0.87)*

1.10 (0.52–2.33)

Persistent child poverty vs. none

0.90 (0.43–1.85)

0.58 (0.42–0.80)*

1.43 (0.59–3.47)

0.63 (0.39–1.01)

0.83 (0.61–1.13)

1.11 (0.64–1.92)

High social³ vulnerability vs. low⁴

0.88 (0.59–1.30)

0.99 (0.72–1.37)

0.55 (0.42–0.50)*

1.23 (0.93–1.63)

0.46 (0.42–0.50)*

1.23 (0.93–1.63)