Table 3 Unadjusted population average (GEE) models¹ of HPV Vaccination Outcomes (Initiation, Series Completion, Hesitancy) and geographic-based socioeconomic factors by male and female child (n = 909)

Medically Underserved Area (MUA) vs. Non-MUA

0.98 (0.78–1.24)

0.99 (0.67–1.47)

1.02 (0.75–1.39)

1.05 (0.76–1.45)

1.19 (0.78–1.80)

1.20 (0.68–2.10)

Healthcare Provider Shortage Area (HPSA) vs. non-HPSA

1.14 (0.67–1.94)

0.82 (0.47–1.42)

1.48 (0.89–2.46)

0.61 (0.52–0.71)*

0.80 (0.45–1.41)

1.13 (0.63–2.04)

Persistent poverty vs. none

2.00 (0.73–5.48)

1.31 (0.52–3.26)

1.92 (0.59–6.19)

1.04 (0.35–3.10)

0.46 (0.26–0.84)*

1.07 (0.54–2.11)

Persistent child poverty vs. none

0.95 (0.42–2.13)

0.58 (0.35–0.95)*

1.42 (0.60–3.34)

0.63 (0.34–1.17)

0.83 (0.62–1.11)

1.10 (0.67–1.79)

High social² vulnerability vs. low³

0.89 (0.55–1.45)

0.95 (0.62–1.48)

1.32 (0.64–2.71)

1.01 (0.58–1.75)

0.45 (0.43–0.47)*

1.23 (0.97–1.56)