Fig. 3

The screening pathways of the LASSO regression models. Notes: ln-transformed urinary concentrations of all 15 mVOCs corrected with creatinine were independent variables; MetS (A) and its components of central obesity (B), elevated TG (C), reduced HDL (D), high blood pressure (E), and FBG impairment (F) were dependent variables. The LASSO models were adjusted for all covariates including gender, age, race or ethnicity, education level, marriage status, poverty-income ratio, smoking status, alcohol drinking, daily total energy intake, physical activity, and history of cancer