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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of current drinkersa

From: Factors related to increased alcohol misuse by students compared to non-students during the first Covid-19 lockdown in France: the Confins study

Characteristics

Total sample

N = 1355

Students

N = 796

Non-students

N = 559

p-value

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

Median age (IQR)

25.1  (22.5–31.9)

23.0  (21.4–24.9)

34.6  (27.2–52.1)

 < 0.0001

 ≥ 25 years (ref. 18–24 years)

691

51.0

196

24.6

495

88.5

 < 0.0001

Men

316

23.3

160

20.1

156

27.9

0.0008

Living with a partner (ref. single or other)

793

58.5

400

50.2

393

70.3

 < 0.0001

Working (or studying) in the health field (ref. no working or studying in the health field)

542

40.0

318

39.9

224

40.1

0.9641

Self-rated economic situation during childhood or adolescence among students. MD = 57

      

/

 • Very comfortable to comfortable

/

/

489

66.2

/

/

 

 • Suitable

/

/

195

26.4

/

/

 

 • Difficult to very difficult

/

/

55

7.4

/

/

 

Current main source of income among students. MD = 57

      

/

 • Family

/

/

400

54.1

/

/

 

 • Scholarship

/

/

132

17.9

/

/

 

 • Paid activities

/

/

158

21.4

/

/

 

 • Others (student loan, thrift, etc.)

/

/

49

6.6

/

/

 

Medical diagnosis of mental disorders during lifetime (ref. no medical diagnosis of mental disorders)

295

21.8

175

22.0

120

21.5

0.8201

Tobacco smoking in the past 12 months (ref. former smoking or no smoking)

365

26.9

236

29.6

129

23.1

0.0073

Having drinking alcohol at least once a month in the past 12 months (ref. never or less than once a month)

1266

93.4

733

92.1

533

95.3

0.0170

Alcohol use disorderb in the past 12 months (ref. no alcohol use disorder). MD = 2

943

74.6

577

78.8

366

68.8

 < 0.0001

Having been affected (formerly or currently) by Covid-19, with or without diagnostic test (ref. no having affected by Covid-19)

119

8.8

74

9.3

45

8.0

0.4249

Lockdown alone (ref. no being alone during lockdown)

212

15.6

127

15.9

85

15.2

0.7087

Being confined in a French zone with an excess of deaths (ref. no confined in risk zone). MD = 14

519

38.7

227

28.8

292

52.7

 < 0.0001

Physical activity in the last seven days (ref. no physical activity)

1151

84.9

664

83.4

487

87.1

0.0606

Suicidal thoughts in the last seven days (ref. no suicidal thoughts)

131

9.7

93

11.7

38

6.8

0.0027

PHQ-9 ≥ 10c

366

27.0

270

33.9

96

17.2

 < 0.0001

GAD-7 ≥ 10d

294

21.7

212

26.6

82

14.7

 < 0.0001

Self-reported changes in alcohol intake during the last seven days

      

 < 0.0001

 • No change

514

37.9

252

31.7

262

46.9

 

 • Decreased use

537

39.6

390

49.0

147

26.3

 

 • Increased use

304

22.5

154

19.3

150

26.8

 
  1. IQR Interquartile range, MD Missing data
  2. aAnalyses excluded 564 participants declaring "no usual use" in response to the question, "During the last seven days, how has your alcohol intake changed?"
  3. bAlcohol use disorder was only explored in those who declared having drank alcohol at least once a month in the past 12 months. Alcohol use disorder was defined according to AUDIT-C score ≥ 3 in women and ≥ 4 in men
  4. cPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items scored as 0–4 (none), 5–9 (mild), 10–14 (moderate), 15–19 (moderately severe), 20–27 (severe)
  5. dGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 items scored as 0–4 (none), 5–9 (mild), 10–14 (moderate), 15–21 (severe)