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Table 1 Descriptive information of the study sample by profession groups and gender. Statistical significance of the differences between men and women

From: Factors associated with psychological distress of workers in the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church

Gender

Pastors

Church musicians

Diaconal workers

Christian youth workers

Men (n = 80)

Women (n = 161)

P-value1

Men (n = 21)

Women (n = 71)

P-value1

Men (n = 5)2

Women (n = 80)

P-value1

Men (n = 22)

Women (n = 34)

P-value1

n (%)

n (%)

 

n (%)

n (%)

  

n (%)

 

n (%)

n (%)

 

MHI-5 (cut-off ≤ 52 points = psychological distress)

15 (18.8)

27 (16.8)

0.7028

8 (38.1)

16 (22.5)

0.1537

 

14 (17.5)

0.3061

5 (22.7)

4 (14.7)

0.4440

MHI-5 mean (95% CI)

69.8

69.9

 

58.9

66.9

  

67.6

 

68.5

68.6

 

Age (years)

  

0.9246

  

0.7100

  

0.6701

  

0.1272

 under 46

 46–55

 56 or older

Age (mean)

27 (32.5)

20 (24.1)

36 (43.4)

55 (34.0)

41 (25.3)

66 (40.7)

 

4 (18.2)

9 (40.9)

9 (40.9)

19 (26.8)

27 (38.0)

25 (35.2)

  

23 (28.8)

25 (31.2)

32 (40.0)

 

8 (36.4)

5 (22.7)

9 (40.9)

22 (62.9)

6 (17.1)

7 (20.0)

 

Marital status

  

0.0517

  

0.6325

  

0.4987

  

0.1303

Married/cohabiting

66 (80.5)

104 (65.4)

 

15 (68.2)

54 (77.1)

  

61 (76.3)

 

15 (68.2)

27 (77.1)

 

Separated/divorced/widowed

6 (7.3)

20 (12.6)

 

2 (9.1)

6 (8.6)

  

12 (15.0)

 

4 (18.2)

1 (2.9)

 

Single

10 (12.2)

35 (22.0)

 

5 (22.7)

10 (14.3)

  

7 (8.7)

 

3 (13.6)

7 (20.0)

 

Lives alone

17 (20.5)

40 (24.8)

0.4454

6 (27.3)

15 (21.1)

0.5469

 

11 (13.9)

0.7065

7 (31.8)

6 (17.1)

0.1986

Loneliness

            

Never/seldom/sometimes

Quite often/all the time

73 (88.0)

10 (12.0)

138 (85.2)

24 (14.8)

0.5533

16 (72.7)

6 (27.3)

57 (80.3)

14 (19.7)

0.4511

 

74 (92.5)

6 (7.5)

0.3239

18 (81.8)

4 (18.2)

28 (80.0)

7 (20.0)

0.8655

Suicide thoughts over the past 12 months

6 (7.2)

14 (8.6)

0.7022

2 (9.1)

2 (2.8)

0.2050

 

4 (5.0)

0.1667

1 (4.6)

3 (8.6)

0.5624

Self-reported current physical health

            

Good/rather good

Moderate

Rather poor/poor

57 (68.7)

20 (24.1)

6 (7.2)

111 (68.5)

39 (24.1)

12 (7.4)

0.9987

15 (68.2)

5 (22.7)

2 (9.1)

48 (67.6)

12 (16.9)

11 (15.5)

0.6686

 

54 (67.5)

19 (23.8)

7 (8.7)

0.7507

15 (68.2)

6 (27.3)

1 (4.6)

21 (60.0)

12 (34.3)

2 (5.7)

0.8234

At-risk drinking (AUDIT-C)3

9 (10.8)

28 (17.3)

0.1827

5 (22.7)

10 (14.1)

0.3355

 

8 (10.0)

0.4575

3 (13.6)

9 (25.7)

0.2762

Smoking

            

 Never

 Sometimes or daily

 Quit

53 (63.9)

14 (16.9)

16 (19.3)

112 (69.6)

23 (14.3)

26 (16.2)

0.6650

12 (57.1)

5 (23.8)

4 (19.1)

61 (85.9)

4 (5.6)

6 (8.5)

0.0120

 

59 (73.8)

3 (3.8)

18 (22.5)

0.8934

10 (50.0)

3 (15.0)

7 (3.0)

19 (54.2)

8 (22.9)

8 (22.9)

0.5697

Full-time work

78 (94.0)

143 (88.3)

0.1916

17 (77.3)

64 (90.1)

0.1157

 

73 (91.3)

0.4899

19 (86.4)

31 (91.2)

0.5696

Permanent work

65 (81.3)

127 (81.9)

0.8975

20 (95.2)

66 (97.1)

0.6861

 

71 (89.9)

0.4888

21 (100)

30 (85.7)

0.0695

The effect of COVID pandemic on work load

            

 No effect

 Work load increased

 Work load decreased

27 (32.5)

43 (51.8)

13 (15.7)

34 (21.1)

100 (62.1)

27 (16.8)

0.1433

8 (36.4)

11 (50.0)

3 (13.6)

17 (23.9)

33 (46.5)

21 (29.6)

0.2643

 

9 (11.3)

68 (85.0)

3 (3.7)

0.7758

1 (5.3)

17 (89.5)

1 (5.3)

5 (14.3)

26 (74.3)

4 (11.4)

0.4636

Mental strain of work

        

0.1181

  

0.7736

 Low

 Moderate

 High

6 (7.2)

20 (24.1)

57 (68.7

9 (5.6)

42 (25.9)

111 (68.4)

0.8505

5 (22.7)

67 (31.8)

10 (45.5)

9 (12.7)

22 (31.0)

40 (56.3)

0.4721

 

2 (2.5)

16 (20.0)

62 (75.5)

 

1 (5.3)

4 (21.1)

14 (73.7)

2 (5.7)

9 (25.7)

24 (68.8)

 

Physical strain of work

            

 Low

 Moderate

 High

75 (90.4)

7 (8.4)

1 (1.2)

135 (83.3)

25 (15.4)

2 (1.3)

0.3050

16 (72.7)

46(27.3)

0

45 (64.3)

18 (25.7)

7 (10.0)

0.3019

 

64 (80.0)

14 (17.5)

2 (2.5)

0.9316

15 (68.2)

6 (27.3)

1 (4.5)

22 (62.9)

12 (34.3)

1 (2.8)

0.8273

Work satisfaction

            

 Extremely/fairly satisfied

 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

 Fairly/extremely dissatisfied

59 (71.1)

16 (19.3)

8 (9.6)

126 (78.3)

15 (9.3)

20 (12.4)

0.0813

12 (63.2)

1 (5.3)

6 (31.6)

50 (71.4)

8 (11.4)

12 (17.2)

0.2589

 

63 (78.8)

13 (16.3)

4 (5.0)

0.8645

17 (77.3)

2 (9.1)

3 (13.6)

22 (62.9)

9 (25.7)

4 (11.4)

0.3015

Family-work conflict

            

 I feel I am neglecting home issues because of my work

 I often find it difficult to concentrate on my work because of domestic issues

40 (50.6)

15 (18.8)

96 (60.8)

15 (9.7)

0.1373

0.0483

13 (61.9)

3 (14.3)

48 (69.6)

11 (16.9)

0.5107

0.7759

 

53 (66.3)

8 (10.5)

0.0030

0.4448

13 (61.9)

2 (9.1)

21 (61.8)

8 (24.2)

0.9917

0.1535

  1. 1 P-values indicating the statistical significance between men and women lower than .05 (statistically significant) are in bold print
  2. 2 Not reported due to small N
  3. 3 At-risk drinking is assessed as AUDIT-C, men ≥ 6 points and women ≥ 5 points
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