Direct relationships | β | SE | p-value | |||
Smartphone ownership → Health literacy | 0.863 | 0.119 | < 0.001 | |||
Social support → Health literacy | – 0.002 | 0.011 | 0.882 | |||
Smartphone ownership \( \times \) Social Support → Health literacy | 0.053 | 0.015 | 0.003 | |||
Health literacy → Frailty | – 0.178 | 0.028 | < 0.001 | |||
Smartphone ownership → Frailty | – 0.623 | 0.160 | 0.001 | |||
Indirect relationship | Effect | Boot SE | Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI | ||
Smartphone ownership → Health literacy → Frailty | – 0.154 | 0.033 | – 0.224 | – 0.096 | ||
Moderated Indirect Relationships | Effect | Boot SE | Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI | ||
Low social support (21.093) | – 0.088 | 0.031 | – 0.154 | – 0.033 | ||
Mean social support (28.041) | – 0.154 | 0.032 | – 0.223 | – 0.096 | ||
High social support (34.000) | – 0.210 | 0.043 | – 0.302 | – 0.134 | ||
Index of moderated mediation | – 0.010 | 0.003 | – 0.016 | – 0.004 |