Table 5 Quantile regression model on the predictors of health-related quality of life

Age

0.0001

30–39

0.868 (0.667, 0.868)

Ref

Ref

40–49

0.765 (0.662, 0868)

-0.103

-0.24, 0.04

0.6

-0.09, 0.20

50–59

0.636 (0.496, 0.718)

-0.232

-0.35, -0.12***

0.02

-0.12, 0.17

60+

0.517 (0.268, 0.667)

-0.351

-0.46, -0.24***

-0.06

-0.21, 0.09

Sex

0.0414

Female

0.538 (0.398, 0.679)

Ref

Ref

Male

0.667 (0.398, 0.795)

0.129

0.09, 0.17***

0.03

-0.03, 0.09

Marital Status

0.0001

Never married

0.868 (0.868, 0.95)

Ref

Ref

Married

0.646 (0.44. 0.718)

-0.22

-0.31, -0.13***

-0.11

-0.25, 0.03

Divorced/Separated

0.22 (0.031, 0.44)

-0.65

-0.79, -0.50***

-0.52

-0.71, -0.33***

Widowed

0.517 (0.268, 0.667)

-0.35

-0.46, -0.25***

-0.14

-0.30, -0.02

Highest Education Level

0.0004

No formal education

0.531 (0.2745, 0.772)

Ref

Ref

Primary

0.59 (0.299, 0.667)

0.28

0.04, 0.51*

-0.17

-0.34, -6.29*

JHS/JSS/Middle School

0.515 (0.237, 0.667)

0.2

-0.004, 0.40

-0.11

-0.26, 0.03

SHS/SSS/O-Level

0.625 (0.398, 0.667)

0.31

0.11, 0.51**

-0.13

-0.27, 0.01

Tertiary

0.667 (0.513, 0.868)

0.35

0.16, 0.55***

-0.05

-0.19, 0.08

Religion

0.2321

Christianity

0.625 (0.398, 0.795)

Ref

Islam

0.646 (0.398, 0.667)

0.42

-0.39, 0.58

African Traditional

0.667 (0.667, 0.667)

0.16

-035, 0.65

Ethnicity

0.3154

Akan

0.59 (0.398, 0.679)

Ref

Ewe

0.658 (0.398, 0.752)

0.07

-0.003, -0.14

Ga/Dangme

0.667 (0.454, 0.795)

0.08

-0.60, 0.22

Guan

0.59 (0.031, 0.795)

0

-0.14, 0.14

Diagnosed CNCD

0.0001

Cancer

-0.023 (-0.314, 0.361)

Ref

Ref

Chronic Kidney Disease

0.667 (0.513, 0.752)

0.69

0.56, 0.82***

0.26

0.10, 0.42***

Diabetes

0.658 (0.398, 0.667)

0.68

0.55, 0.81***

0.28

0.11, 0.45***

Hypertension

0.6945 (0.594, 0.868)

0.69

0.58, 0.81***

0.35

0.19, 0.50***

Stroke

0.4855 (0.398, 0.59)

0.50

0.38, 0.62***

0.26

0.11, 0.40***

Diagnosis Duration

0.0125

< 1 Year

0.517 (0.361, 0.667)

Ref

Ref

1–5 Years

0.6415 (0.447, 0.7735)

0.11

0.04, 0.17***

0.005

-0.07, 0.08

6–10 Years

0.667 (0.0513, 0.752)

0.15

0.08, 022***

0.0003

-0.12, 0.12

10 + Years

0.646 (0.268, 0.862)

0.13

0.04, 0.21**

0.02

-0.11, 0.15

Living With Comorbidities

0.0001

No

0.667 (0.44, 0.862)

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.517 (0.299, 0.667)

-0.15

-0.20, -0.10***

-0.95

-0.15, -0.04***

Comorbidities

0.0001

Arthritis

0.671 (0.671, 0.671)

Ref

Bodily pains

0.139 (0.139, 0.139)

0.34

-0.32, 0.03

Diabetes

0.454 (0.268, 0.646)

0.45

-0.06, 0.09

Diabetes &Hypertension

0.166 (-0.143, 0.475)

0.61

0.65, 1.3

Hypertension

0.517 (0.398, 0.667)

0.17

-0.08, 0.56

Hernia

-0.143 (-0.143, -0.143)

0.34

0.56, 3.23

Peptic ulcer

0.019 (0.019, 0.019)

0.3

0.40, 1.16

Rheumatism

1 (1, 1)

0.10

-0.34, 0.41

Stroke

0.5535 (0.513, 0.594)

0.56

-0.68, 0.56

Are you currently on any behavioural/lifestyle treatment?

0.0007

No

1 (1, 1)

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.625 (0.398, 0.7505)

0

-0.16,0.16

0.12

0.03, 0.22**

Recommended behavioural/lifestyle changes

Dietary Changes

0.0001

No

0.44 (0.313, 0.517)

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.667 (0.44, 0.795)

0.23

0.16, 0.29***

0.22

0.13, 0.31***

Physical Activity

0.0058

No

0.679 (0.534, 0.918)

Ref

Yes

0.602 (0.398, 0.735)

-0.08

-0.19, 0.03

Smoke Cessation

0.1788

No

0.625 (0.398, 0.749)

Ref

Yes

0.765 (0.765, 0.765)

0.12

-0.26, 0.08

Alcohol Intake Moderation

0.2660

No

0.594 (0.398, 0.752)

Ref

Yes

0.658 (0.534, 0.667)

0.06

-0.004, 0.13