Mineral wealth paradox: health challenges and environmental risks in African resource-rich areas

BMC Public Health

Table 9 Natural resource and environmental health risk - robustness to key infrastructural variables

	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Log Bad water	Log Open defecation	Log Unimproved sanitation
Mineral deposits	0.1820^a	0.1899^a	0.2080^a
	[0.0306]	[0.0305]	[0.0317]
Petroleum field	0.0690^b	0.1930^a	0.1275^a
	[0.0341]	[0.0366]	[0.0416]
Number of pipe water	-0.0000
	[0.0000]
Log distance to water body	-0.4830^a
	[0.0286]
Number of sewers		-0.0000
		[0.0000]
Number of sanitation facilities			-0.0000
			[0.0000]
Baseline controls	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	12,356	12,356	12,356
R-squared	0.7921	0.7341	0.7714
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes
Clustering var.	Grid Cell	Grid Cell	Grid Cell

This table presents the robustness of our baseline findings concerning the influence of mineral deposits on pertinent Environmental Health Risk Factors to key infrastructural variables. Heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors are reported in parentheses. ^a, ^b, and ^c indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels (two-tailed), respectively

ISSN: 1471-2458