Mineral wealth paradox: health challenges and environmental risks in African resource-rich areas

BMC Public Health

Table 8 Natural resource and environmental health risk - mediating channel of violent conflict events

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	Log Bad water	Log Open defecation	Log Unimproved sanitation	PM	\(\boldsymbol{CO}_{\mathbf{2}}\)
Mineral deposit:
Total effect	0.233^a	0.266^a	0.304^a	0.296^a	0.045^a
	[0.041]	[0.046]	[0.039]	[0.068]	[0.012]
Direct effect	0.131^a	0.150^a	0.201^a	0.279^a	0.042^b
	[0.036]	[0.039]	[0.034]	[0.066]	[0.012]
Indirect effect	0.102^a	0.115^a	0.103^a	0.0.16^a	0.002^b
	[0.013]	[0.015]	[0.013]	[0.003]	[0.001]
Main Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Clustering var.	Grid cell	Grid cell	Grid cell	Grid cell	Grid cell
Observations	12,356	12,356	12,356	12,356	12,356
Proportion of total effect mediator explains	43.8%	43.4%	33.8%	5.5%	5.2%

The table presents the results of the causal mediating role of violent conflict events within a grid cell in the documented relationship between natural resources and environmental health risks. In columns (1) to (5), we include country-fixed effects, and all variables are clustered at the grid level. Heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors are reported in parentheses. ^a, ^b, and ^c indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels (two-tailed), respectively

ISSN: 1471-2458