From: Mineral wealth paradox: health challenges and environmental risks in African resource-rich areas
 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Log Bad water | Log Open defecation | Log Unimproved sanitation | PM | \(\boldsymbol{CO}_{\mathbf{2}}\) |
Mineral deposit: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Total effect | 0.233a | 0.266a | 0.304a | 0.296a | 0.045a |
 | [0.041] | [0.046] | [0.039] | [0.068] | [0.012] |
Direct effect | 0.198a | 0.190a | 0.220a | 0.167a | 0.035b |
 | [0.050] | [0.053] | [0.044] | [0.059] | [0.015] |
Indirect effect | 0.035 | 0.075c | 0.085a | 0.129a | 0.009 |
 | [0.037] | [0.044] | [0.032] | [0.054] | [0.008] |
Main Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Country FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Clustering var. | Grid cell | Grid cell | Grid cell | Grid cell | Grid cell |
Observations | 12,356 | 12,356 | 12,356 | 12,356 | 12,356 |
Proportion of total effect mediator explains | Â | 28.3% | 27.8% | 43.6% | Â |