From: Mineral wealth paradox: health challenges and environmental risks in African resource-rich areas
 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Log Bad water | Log Open defecation | Log Unimproved sanitation | PM | \(\boldsymbol{CO}_{\mathbf{2}}\) |
Mineral deposit: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Total effect | 0.233a | 0.266a | 0.304a | 0.296a | 0.045a |
 | [0.041] | [0.046] | [0.039] | [0.068] | [0.012] |
Direct effect | 0.209a | 0.250a | 0.283a | 0.294a | 0.044a |
 | [0.038 ] | [0.044] | [0.037] | [0.068] | [0.012] |
Indirect effect | 0.023a | 0.016a | 0.022a | 0.002b | 0.000 |
 | [0.009] | [0.006] | [0.008] | [0.001] | [0.001] |
Main Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Country FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Clustering var. | Grid cell | Grid cell | Grid cell | Grid cell | Grid cell |
Observations | 12,356 | 12,356 | 12,356 | 12,356 | 12,356 |
Proportion of total effect mediator explains | 9.9% | 6% | 7.1% | 0.7% | Â |