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Table 10 Natural resource and environmental health risk - robustness to alternative clustering

From: Mineral wealth paradox: health challenges and environmental risks in African resource-rich areas

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

 

Log Bad water

Log Open defecation

Log Unimproved sanitation

PM

\(\boldsymbol{CO}_{\mathbf{2}}\)

Mineral deposits

0.1903a

0.1905b

0.2166a

0.2583a

0.0212

 

[0.0693]

[0.0747]

[0.0591]

[0.0890]

[0.0207]

Petroleum field

0.0436

0.1861

0.1188

0.1349b

0.0274

 

[0.1171]

[0.1275]

[0.1068]

[0.0669]

[0.0305]

Baseline Controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Country FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Number of Clusters

2

2

2

2

2

Observations

12,356

12,356

12,356

12,356

12,356

R-squared

0.7770

0.7329

0.7670

0.7205

0.3868

  1. This table presents the robustness of our baseline findings concerning the influence of mineral deposits on pertinent Environmental Health Risk Factors to an alternative clustering. Specifically, we explore the impact of conducting two-way clustering on the error terms, considering both grid cell and country levels. Heteroscedasticity clustered standard errors are reported in parentheses. a, b, and c indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels (two-tailed), respectively