Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of zero-dose children in underserved and special setting population in Ethiopia, June 2022

Region*

 Afar

588

16.13

 Amhara

312

8.56

 Oromia

372

10.20

 Somali

336

9.22

 Benishangul Gumuz

216

5.92

 SNNPR

300

8.23

 Sidama

179

4.91

 Southwest Ethiopia

181

4.96

 Gambella

360

9.87

 Harari

60

1.65

 Addis Ababa

192

5.27

 Dire Dawa

60

1.65

 Amhara urban

60

1.65

 Oromia urban

59

1.62

 Sidama urban

60

1.65

 Refugees

311

8.53

Wealth Index

 Richest

729

19.99

 Richer

731

20.05

 Middle

728

19.97

 Poorer

729

19.99

 Poorest

729

19.99

Child’s sex

 Boy

1,876

51.45

 Girl

1,770

48.55

Child’s age (in months)

 12–23

1,796

49.26

 24–35

1,850

50.74

Respondents’ age* (in years)

 15–24

857

23.51

 25–34

2,007

55.05

 35–44

596

16.35

 45 or above

91

2.50

 DK

95

2.61

Respondent’s educational status

 No formal education or preschool

1,892

51.89

 Primary education

718

19.69

 Secondary education

885

24.27

 Tertiary education

151

4.14

Paternal educational status

 No formal education or preschool

1,508

41.36

 Primary education

555

15.22

 Secondary education

878

24.08

 Tertiary education

379

10.39

 No husband

300

8.23

 DK

26

0.71

Marital status

 Married/Living together

3,346

91.77

 Divorced

102

2.80

 Separated

78

2.14

 Widowed

67

1.84

 Not ever married

53

1.45

Household head

 Male-headed

3,310

90.78

 Female-headed

336

9.22

Place of residence

 Rural

2,657

72.87

 Urban

989

27.13

Mother’s/Caregiver’s employment status

 Not working

2,551

69.97

 Working

1,095

30.03

Number of Under five children

 One child

1,632

44.76

 Two children

1,519

41.66

 Three and above

495

13.58

Household size

 Less than six

1,914

52.50

 6 or above

1,732

47.50

Mother who had ≥ 4 Ante-natal Care (ANC) Visits

 Yes

1,318

38.57

 No

2,099

61.4

Mother who had received Post-natal Care (PNC)

 Yes

1,697

49.63

 No

1,722

50.37

Skilled Birth Attendance (SBA)

 Yes

2,116

61.89

 No

1,303

38.11

Availability of health facility in the kebele

 Yes

3,383

92.79

 No

263

7.21

One-way walking distance to the nearest health facility

 30 min or less

2,044

56.06

 30 to 60 min

817

22.41

 More than an hour

785

21.53

Gender empowerment

 Low

436

11.96

 Medium

546

14.98

 High

2,364

64.84

 Not Married

300

8.23