Skip to main content

Table 2 Adjusted ORs for associations of heavy metals, and serum 25(OH)D with prevalence of CVD

From: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D mediates the association between heavy metal exposure and cardiovascular disease

Variable

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR (95%CI)

P for trend

OR (95%CI)

P for trend

OR (95%CI)

P for trend

Cadmium (ug/L)

 

 < 0.001

 

0.035

 

0.004

 Q1

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Q2

0.929 (0.731, 1.182)

0.951 (0.743, 1.217)

0.998 (0.776, 1.284)

 

 Q3

1.121 (0.888, 1.414)

1.067 (0.836, 1.362)

1.152 (0.896, 1.480)

 

 Q4

1.815 (1.454, 2.266)***

1.332 (1.022, 1.736)*

1.513 (1.148, 1.994)**

 

Lead (ug/L)

 

0.536

 

0.697

 

0.138

 Q1

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Q2

1.120 (0.847, 1.482)

1.105 (0.829, 1.473)

1.238 (0.925, 1.658)

 

 Q3

1.056 (0.802, 1.390)

1.015 (0.764, 1.348)

1.213 (0.907, 1.624)

 

 Q4

1.180 (0.897, 1.552)

1.117 (0.837, 1.489)

1.409 (1.043, 1.905)*

 

Mercury (ug/L)

 

 < 0.001

 

0.149

 

0.611

 Q1

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Q2

0.864 (0.706, 1.059)

0.938 (0.761, 1.155)

0.949 (0.767, 1.173)

 

 Q3

0.739 (0.600, 0.910)**

0.883 (0.712, 1.095)

0.936 (0.750, 1.166)

 

 Q4

0.603 (0.488, 0.745)***

0.777 (0.622, 0.970)*

0.855 (0.680, 1.076)

 

Manganese (ug/L)

 

0.126

 

0.336

 

0.446

 Q1

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Q2

0.859 (0.707, 1.045)

0.933 (0.763, 1.142)

0.980 (0.796, 1.206)

 

 Q3

0.885 (0.725, 1.080)

0.931 (0.758, 1.143)

0.984 (0.797, 1.215)

 

 Q4

0.777 (0.627, 0.962)*

0.813 (0.652, 1.014)

0.841 (0.670, 1.055)

 

Selenium (ug/L)

 

0.016

 

0.132

 

0.507

 Q1

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Q2

0.768 (0.627, 0.940)*

 

0.807 (0.655, 0.995)*

 

0.861 (0.695, 1.068)

 

 Q3

0.799 (0.652, 0.978)*

 

0.891 (0.723, 1.099)

 

0.994 (0.800, 1.235)

 

 Q4

0.747 (0.609, 0.916)**

 

0.805 (0.652, 0.994)*

 

0.969 (0.775, 1.211)

 

Serum 25(OH)D

 

0.002

 

0.308

 

0.570

 Q1

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Q2

0.752 (0.599, 0.945)*

0.886 (0.701, 1.120)

0.934 (0.735, 1.188)

 

 Q3

0.644 (0.515, 0.805)***

0.813 (0.645, 1.025)

0.871 (0.687, 1.105)

 

 Q4

0.744 (0.602, 0.919)**

0.942 (0.754, 1.176)

0.996 (0.791, 1.255)

 
  1. Model 1: age and sex
  2. Model 2: model 1 variables plus race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, family poverty-income ratio, smoker, alcohol user, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 variables plus body mass index, mean energy intake, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides
  3. Cadmium quartile (Q1: 0.07–0.19 ug/L; Q2: 0.20–0.31 ug/L; Q3: 0.32–0.55 ug/L; and Q4: 0.56–13.03 ug/L); Lead quartile (Q1: 0.05–0.63 ug/L; Q2: 0.64–1.00 ug/L; Q3: 1.01–1.59 ug/L; and Q4: 1.60–61.29 ug/L); Mercury quartile (Q1: 0.11–0.41 ug/L; Q2: 0.42–0.79 ug/L; Q3: 0.80–1.62 ug/L; and Q4: 1.63–50.81 ug/L); Manganese quartile (Q1:1.57–7.43 ug/L; Q2: 7.44–9.24 ug/L; Q3: 9.25–11.55 ug/L; and Q4: 11.56–57.77 ug/L); Selenium quartile (Q1: 85.15–177.87 ug/L; Q2: 177.88–192.47 ug/L; Q3: 192.48–207.54 ug/L; and Q4: 207.55–734.80 ug/L)
  4. Abbreviations: Serum 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, CVD cardiovascular disease, OR odd ratio, CI confidence interval
  5. *P < 0.05
  6. **P < 0.01
  7. ***P < 0.001
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us