Fig. 3
The restricted cubic spline plots of associations of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Manganese, and Selenium) and serum 25(OH)D with prevalence of CVD. Note: Heavy metals, and 25(OH)D are log10 transformed. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race /ethnicity, education level, family poverty-income ratio, the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, mean energy intake, hemoglobin, high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid. The solid and dashed lines represent the log-transformed odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D