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Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by the CDAI, weighted (n = 7274)a

From: Composite dietary antioxidant index and sleep health: a new insight from cross-sectional study

Variables

Total(n = 7274)

Q1(n = 1823)

Q2(n = 1815)

Q3(n = 1817)

Q4(n = 1819)

P

Age,years

46.97 ± 0.47

47.12 ± 0.48

48.01 ± 0.66

46.86 ± 0.72

46.09 ± 0.62

0.035

BMI,kg/m2

28.70 ± 0.19

28.75 ± 0.26

28.92 ± 0.18

28.71 ± 0.28

28.46 ± 0.30

0.328

Energy,kcal/d

2093.55 ± 18.58

1447.62 ± 24.14

1871.36 ± 21.21

2215.35 ± 18.65

2657.78 ± 24.75

< 0.001

Carbohydrate,g/day

252.80 ± 2.16

181.14 ± 3.69

226.99 ± 2.76

266.53 ± 3.26

316.12 ± 2.22

< 0.001

Fat,g/day

79.79 ± 0.95

52.95 ± 0.93

70.74 ± 0.86

85.26 ± 1.09

102.72 ± 1.45

< 0.001

Protein,g/day

82.53 ± 0.82

52.06 ± 0.87

72.62 ± 0.77

86.91 ± 0.71

109.94 ± 1.49

< 0.001

Fiber,g/day

15.99 ± 0.28

9.26 ± 0.18

13.44 ± 0.18

16.77 ± 0.19

22.49 ± 0.39

< 0.001

Caffeine,g/day

179.23 ± 4.88

183.59 ± 11.88

176.65 ± 7.39

174.23 ± 7.19

182.58 ± 7.79

0.887

Gender,n(%)

     

< 0.001

Female

3658(52.54)

1010(59.94)

909(52.75)

875(49.64)

864(49.35)

 

Male

3616(47.46)

813(40.06)

906(47.25)

942(50.36)

955(50.65)

 

Race,n(%)

     

0.001

Mexican American

1229(7.54)

336(8.17)

307(8.05)

309(8.03)

277(6.20)

 

Non-Hispanic Black

1523(10.61)

460(13.83)

388(11.61)

358(10.15)

317(7.74)

 

Non-Hispanic White

3775(73.58)

824(69.19)

927(71.41)

965(74.12)

1059(78.22)

 

Other races

747(8.27)

203(8.81)

193(8.93)

185(7.70)

166(7.83)

 

Education,n(%)

     

< 0.001

<High school

1965(17.30)

689(26.64)

513(17.71)

419(14.97)

344(11.96)

 

High school

1781(25.17)

497(30.37)

480(28.10)

410(23.76)

394(20.10)

 

>High school

3528(57.52)

637(42.98)

822(54.19)

988(61.27)

1081(67.95)

 

Marital status,n(%)

     

0.001

Unmarried

1075(16.52)

298(19.16)

261(16.53)

241(14.55)

275(16.30)

 

Married

4036(56.90)

919(50.06)

1002(56.11)

1078(60.14)

1037(59.82)

 

Others

2163(26.57)

606(30.78)

552(27.36)

498(25.30)

507(23.88)

 

PIR,n(%)

     

< 0.001

≤ 1.30

1950(18.16)

643(25.47)

515(20.78)

415(14.51)

377(13.77)

 

1.30–3.50

2867(36.00)

766(40.40)

732(37.26)

713(35.26)

656(32.29)

 

> 3.50

2457(45.83)

414(34.13)

568(41.96)

689(50.23)

786(53.93)

 

Hypertension,n(%)

3140(37.11)

873(39.90)

810(38.75)

745(35.63)

712(34.99)

0.149

Diabetes,n(%)

910(8.47)

264(8.67)

252(10.94)

208(8.06)

186(6.68)

0.005

Smoke,n(%)

1556(23.13)

527(34.36)

376(23.14)

356(21.09)

297(16.38)

< 0.001

CVD,n(%)

850(8.33)

278(11.46)

226(9.53)

190(8.01)

156(5.24)

< 0.001

Alcohol status,n(%)

     

< 0.001

Never

2564(28.43)

788(36.00)

682(30.73)

565(25.30)

529(23.63)

 

Mild

2300(34.68)

436(25.69)

555(32.07)

640(36.70)

669(41.86)

 

Moderate

1063(16.28)

255(14.59)

240(15.38)

275(17.65)

293(17.04)

 

Heavy

1347(20.61)

344(23.72)

338(21.82)

337(20.35)

328(17.47)

 

OSA,n(%)

5019(70.06)

1248(72.86)

1259(70.07)

1238(69.46)

1274(68.44)

0.184

Day sleepiness,n(%)

1953(29.51)

501(34.12)

461(27.85)

497(30.06)

494(26.85)

0.035

Insufficient Sleep,n(%)

2809(35.57)

770(40.63)

728(38.47)

684(34.94)

627(29.91)

< 0.001

  1. Continuous variables were showed as mean ± SE,categorical variables were showed as frequency (percentage)
  2. Q1:CDAI≤-2.30; Q2:-2.30 < CDAI≤-0.19; Q3:-0.19 < CDAI ≤ 2.49; Q4:CDAI > 2.49.
  3. aAll estimates accounted for complex survey designs, and all percentages were weighted
  4. Abbreviations:, quartile; SE, standard error; CDAI, composite dietary antioxidant index; BMI, body mass index; PIR, poverty income ratio; CVD, cardiovascular disease; OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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