Table 3 Association between sociodemographic and background factors and the extent of COVID-19 experience and perception among the 10,825 study participants
Extent of COVID-19 experience & perception^ | Crude results* | Adjusted results** | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strong n (%) 3420 (31.6) | Not strong n (%) 7405 (68.4) | cPD (97.5% CI) or cCoef (97.5% CI) | p value | aPD (97.5% CI) or aCoef (97.5% CI) | p value | |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 1509 (31.8) | 3240 (68.2) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Female | 1911 (31.5) | 4165 (68.5) | -0.1% (-2.5–2.3) | 0.9362 | 1.0% (-1.2–3.2) | 0.2943 |
Age, years (coefficient) | – | – | -0.002% (-0.1–0.1) | 0.9633 | -0.1% (-0.3–0.04) | 0.1066 |
Marital status | ||||||
Not married1 | 1406 (27.5) | 3707 (72.5) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Married | 2014 (35.3) | 3698 (64.7) | 5.6% (2.3–8.9) | 0.0002 | 4.2% (1.6–6.8) | 0.0003 |
Educational level | 0.0002$ | 0.0117$ | ||||
No formal education | 354 (33.2) | 711 (66.8) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Primary | 628 (28.4) | 1583 (71.6) | 1.4% (-4.2–7.1) | 0.5679 | -5.1% (-9.8–(-0.5)) | 0.0139 |
Secondary | 1671 (27.5) | 4412 (72.5) | 2.9% (-3.0–8.9) | 0.2670 | -6.3% (-12.8–0.1) | 0.0284 |
Tertiary | 767 (52.3) | 699 (47.7) | 18.7% (8.7–28.6) | < 0.0001 | 1.1% (-5.9–8.1) | 0.7218 |
Main occupation | < 0.0001$ | 0.0006$ | ||||
Self-employment2 | 1835 (31.1) | 4072 (68.9) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Private paid work | 238 (33.1) | 482 (66.9) | 1.7% (-3.1–6.6) | 0.4240 | -2.9% (-6.5–0.7) | 0.0687 |
Government paid work | 396 (62.3) | 240 (37.7) | 21.8% (13.4–30.2) | < 0.0001 | 10.5% (4.2–16.8) | 0.0002 |
Others3 | 951 (26.7) | 2611 (73.3) | -1.7% (-5.9–2.5) | 0.3638 | 1.6% (-5.9–9.2) | 0.6225 |
Residence | ||||||
Urban or semi-urban | 617 (25.6) | 1792 (74.4) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Rural | 2803 (33.3) | 5613 (66.7) | 7.2% (-6.8–21.3) | 0.2491 | 7.0% (-7.5–21.6) | 0.2789 |
Usual monthly income, NGN | < 0.0001$ | 0.0264$ | ||||
No income | 706 (23.7) | 2274 (76.3) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
20,000 and less | 1416 (31.5) | 3084 (68.5) | 4.1% (-0.6–8.8) | 0.0494 | 3.6% (-4.3–11.6) | 0.3032 |
More than 20,000 | 1298 (38.8) | 2047 (61.2) | 11.2% (6.4–16.1) | < 0.0001 | 6.9% (0.02–13.8) | 0.0247 |
Main source of information about COVID-19 | 0.6773$ | 0.3038$ | ||||
Internet, social media (whatsapp, facebook), & SMS | 209 (25.7) | 604 (74.3) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Traditional media (television, radio, prints) | 1656 (27.5) | 4361 (72.5) | 0.9% (-4.7–6.6) | 0.7099 | 3.9% (-2.9–10.7) | 0.1977 |
Interpersonal4 | 1555 (38.9) | 2440 (61.1) | -2.0% (-9.5–5.4) | 0.5404 | 0.1% (-8.5–8.7) | 0.9810 |
Most trusted source of information about COVID-19 | 0.9776$ | 0.3205$ | ||||
Internet, social media (whatsapp, facebook), & SMS | 180 (27.8) | 468 (72.2) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Traditional media (television, radio, prints) | 1580 (26.9) | 4303 (73.1) | 0.04% (-5.6–5.7) | 0.9867 | -3.7% (-10.7–3.4) | 0.2413 |
Interpersonal4 | 1660 (38.7) | 2634 (61.3) | -0.6% (-7.7–6.4) | 0.8417 | 0.5% (-6.1–7.1) | 0.8577 |
Level of knowledge about COVID-195 | ||||||
Poor | 2822 (29.0) | 6909 (71.0) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Good | 598 (54.7) | 496 (45.3) | 22.5% (13.9–31.1) | < 0.0001 | 15.0% (8.9–21.2) | < 0.0001 |
Level of attitude towards COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination6 | ||||||
Poor | 791 (15.0) | 4469 (85.0) | 0 | – | 0 | – |
Good | 2629 (47.2) | 2936 (52.8) | 33.1% (23.1–43.2) | < 0.0001 | 30.4% (20.8–40.0) | < 0.0001 |