Table 1 The demographic and clinical characteristics of study population by baseline HOMA2-IR.
Characteristics | Overall | HOMA2-IR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P value | ||
Participants | 7085 | 2356 | 2351 | 2378 | |
Age(years) | 45.14 ± 15.97 | 43.89 ± 15.70 | 44.73 ± 16.18 | 47.01 ± 15.86#£ | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 3651(50.70) | 1205(47.96) | 1187(49.86) | 1259(54.71) #£ | < 0.001 |
Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 3407(70.99) | 1306(76.11) | 1145(70.94) * | 956(65.38) #£ | |
Mexican American | 1647(7.70) | 416(5.77) | 566(7.86) | 665(9.67) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1477(11.14) | 465(9.78) | 430(9.61) | 582(14.42) | |
Other Hispanic | 296(5.55) | 69(3.12) | 119(6.92) | 108(6.66) | |
Other Race | 258(4.61) | 100(5.21) | 91(4.68) | 67(3.88) | |
Education level, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
High school or equivalent | 3580(56.29) | 1178(52.94) | 1192(57.41) * | 1210(58.68) #£ | |
Less than high school | 2238(20.16) | 648(17.16) | 736(19.74) | 854(23.96) | |
College or above | 1267(23.56) | 530(29.90) | 423(22.85) | 314(17.35) | |
Family income to poverty ratio, n (%) | 0.004 | ||||
≥ 1&<3 | 2972(36.57) | 939(34.92) | 967(36.04) | 1066(39.01) # | |
≥ 3 | 2889(51.19) | 1018(54.62) | 987(51.34) | 884(47.21) | |
< 1 | 1224(12.24) | 399(10.46) | 397(12.62) | 428(13.78) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.875 | ||||
Married | 3970(59.81) | 1288(59.50) | 1331(60.35) | 1351(59.51) | |
Others | 1952(23.64) | 645(23.62) | 641(22.90) | 666(24.53) | |
Never married | 1163(16.55) | 423(16.88) | 379(16.75) | 361(15.96) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||
Never | 3624(49.94) | 1175(49.24) | 1205(49.59) | 1244(51.11) # | |
Former | 1806(24.90) | 538(22.09) | 608(25.42) | 660(27.41) | |
Current | 1655(25.16) | 643(28.67) | 538(24.99) | 474(21.48) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.00(23.70,31.09) | 23.88(21.58,26.47) | 26.96(24.40,30.23) * | 31.50(28.01,36.01) #£ | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 95.00(84.80,105.50) | 85.50(77.60,93.50) | 95.00(87.00,103.00) * | 106.70(97.60,116.30) #£ | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 119.33(110.00,132.00) | 115.33(106.67,127.33) | 118.67(110.00,131.33) * | 124.00(114.67,134.67) #£ | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.37 ± 10.98 | 70.54 ± 10.64 | 72.47 ± 10.46* | 74.27 ± 11.60#£ | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 2200(25.92) | 527(16.66) | 685(23.88) * | 988(38.54) #£ | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 797(7.85) | 110(2.75) | 181(4.92) * | 506(16.87) #£ | < 0.001 |
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 1537(18.17) | 333(9.88) | 478(16.50) * | 726(29.46) #£ | < 0.001 |
Glucose-lowering drugs, n (%) | 426(3.86) | 54(1.23) | 98(2.40) * | 274(8.52) #£ | < 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering drugs, n (%) | 840(12.11) | 193(7.04) | 282(11.82) * | 365(18.28) #£ | < 0.001 |
HbA1C (%) | 5.30(5.10,5.50) | 5.20(5.00,5.40) | 5.22(5.00,5.50) * | 5.50(5.20,5.80) #£ | < 0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.32(4.96,5.74) | 5.07(4.79,5.38) | 5.33(4.99,5.69) * | 5.66(5.26,6.26) #£ | < 0.001 |
Insulin(pmol/L) | 54.30(36.83,84.90) | 31.50(24.30,37.20) | 55.93(48.84,65.34) * | 109.29(88.44,144.66) #£ | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.14 ± 1.06 | 5.02 ± 1.03 | 5.16 ± 1.04* | 5.24 ± 1.10# | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.15 ± 0.95 | 3.01 ± 0.91 | 3.21 ± 0.92* | 3.25 ± 0.99# | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.27(1.06,1.56) | 1.45(1.22,1.76) | 1.24(1.06,1.53) * | 1.11(0.95,1.32) #£ | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.21(0.82,1.80) | 0.90(0.67,1.28) | 1.24(0.86,1.71) * | 1.65(1.16,2.39) #£ | < 0.001 |
eGFR(ml/min/1.73m2) | 100.84 ± 29.10 | 99.47 ± 26.25 | 101.61 ± 29.74 | 101.47 ± 31.22 | 0.178 |