Table 1 Data Extraction Sheet
S.No | Author/Year | City/State | Study Setting | Scale | Participant characteristics | prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Panigrahi A et al. 2020 | Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 2015–2016 | DIPSI | N = 30 Gestational Age = 24 to 32 weeks Mean Age = 31.30 ± 4.17 years | 13.8% |
2 | Seshiah V et al. 2008 | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 87 Mean age = 28.38 ± 4.31 yrs | 42.03% |
3 | Suchitra M.R. et al. 2020 | Kumbakonam (South India) | Hospital-based study Semi-urban Duration = Oct.2018 to Nov.2018 | WHO 1999 | N = 10 Gestational Age = 24 weeks Age = 26.6 years | 3.8% |
4 | Chandramathy K et al. 2018 | Calicut (Kerala) | Hospital-based study Semi-urban Duration = November 2009 to April 2010. | WHO 1999 | N = 33 Gestational Age = 20 to 28 weeks Age = 24 years | 6.9% |
5 | Agarwal S et al. 2018 | Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Januray 2016 to December 2016 | DIPSI | N = 814 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 13.9% |
6 | Patel M et al. 2018 | Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 1 Year | DIPSI | N = 351 Gestational age = 24 to 28 weeks | 3.91% |
7 | Kumar N et al. 2018 | Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan 2016 to Jan 2017 | DIPSI | N = 209 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Age = 19 to 42 years | 10.9% |
8 | Sharma M et al. 2018 | Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = June 2014 to May 2016 | IADPSG | N = 16 Gestational Age = less than 20 weeks Mean Age = 24.56 ± 2.87 | 6.5% |
9 | Trivedi D. et al. 2017 | Ahmedabad (Gujarat) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = April 2014 to April 2016 | DIPSI | N = 23 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 10.95% |
10 | Satyajit P G et. 2017 | (Loni) Maharashtra | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = 15th September 2014 to 14th September 2016. | DIPSI | N = 26 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 5.20% |
11 | Goswami Mohanta et al. 2014 | Dibrugarh (Assam) | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = June to August 2011 | WHO 1999 | N = 28 Gestational Age = in the first trimester Mean Age = 22.56 ± 4.532 years | 3% |
12 | Sawant A P et al. 2011 | Sai Shirdi (Maharashtra) | Hospital-based study Rural | WHO 1999 | N = 18 Gestational Age = 14–16 weeks | 3.6% |
13 | Surapaneni T et al. 2010 | Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan 2007- Dec. 2007 | WHO 1999 | N = 270 Gestational Age = 1st trimester Mean Age = 26.07 ± 4.23 years | 8.43% |
14 | Saxena P et al. 2022 | New Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban | DIPSI | N = 107 Gestational Age = 24 to 32 weeks | 10.4% |
15 | Tripathi R et al. 2022 | New Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 1 year | IADPSG | N = 201 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 8.8% |
16 | Shah C S et al. 2022 | Karamsad, Anand District (Gujarat) | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = Feb 2019- May 2020 | DIPSI | N = 52 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Age = 21 to 30 years | 17.33% |
17 | Chebrolu P et al. 2021 | Chattisgarh | Community-based study Rural Duration = March 2017 to April 2018 | DIPSI | N = 11 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 26 years | 1.9% |
18 | Deepa R et al. 2020 | Bengaluru | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = April 2016 to September 2018 | WHO 1999 | N = 313 Gestational Age < 36 weeks Age = 18 to 45 years | 17.6% |
19 | Chanda S et al. 2020 | Assam | Community-based study Rural Duration = July 2019 to September 2019 | WHO 2013 | N = 202 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 23.7 years (SD ± 4.20) | 16.67% |
20 | Hussain T et al. 2020 | Bhubaneshwar | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 2013 | N = 154 Gestational Age = 24 to 32 weeks Age = 18–25 years (57%) 26–33 years (33%) | 9.89% |
21 | Todi S et al. 2020 | Puducherry (South India) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = March 2017 to October 2018 | IADPSG | N = 185 Gestational Age = upto 34 weeks Mean Age = 26.02 years | 25.1% |
22 | Taneja A et al. 2020 (A) | Punjab | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2015 | ? | N = 7 Gestational Age = 26 to 28 weeks | 6.6% |
23 | Taneja A et al. 2020 (B) | Punjab | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2015 | ? | N = 11 Gestational age = after 34 weeks | 13% |
24 | Chaudhry M et al. 2019 | Belgavi (Karnataka) | Hospital-based Study Rural Duration = Jan 2016 to August 2017 | DIPSI | N = 69 Gestational Age < 20 weeks | 16.1% |
25 | Chudasama R K et al. 2019 | Rajkot (Gujarat) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan to March 2016 | WHO 2013 | N = 41 Gestational Age = 21 to 28 weeks Age = 21 to 25 years | 11.5% |
26 | Rajasekar G et al. 2019 | Vellore (Southern India) | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = February to July 2015 | IADPSG | N = 88 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 25.27 ± 4.42 years | 14% |
27 | Dubey D et al. 2019 | Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 51 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 19.6% |
28 | Nachankar A et al. 2018 | Delhi Cantt (New Delhi) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Dec 2016 to June 2017 | ADA | N = 14 Gestational Age = 24–28 w Mean Age = 27.5 years ±2.9 years | 18.7% |
29 | Agarwal M et al. 2018 | New Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 01 Jan 2013 to 31 Dec 2015 | IADPSG | N = 1193 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 27.4 ± 3.9 years | 18.3% |
30 | Saxena P et al. 2017 | New Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban | DIPSI | N = 63 Gestational Age = 24 to 32 weeks Mean Age = 27.98 ± 4.3 years | 7.87% |
31 | Tripathi R et al. 2017 | New Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Oct 2011 to Feb 2013 | IADPSG | N = 64 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks | 6.8% |
32 | Tahmina S et al. 2017 | Pondicherry | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Apr 2013-March 2014 | IADPSG | N = 167 | 22.78% |
33 | Singh A et al. 2016 | Raipur (Chhattisgarh) | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 2013 | N = 156 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 25 to 29 years | 5.2% |
34 | Bhavdharini et al. 2016 (WINGS 6) (A) | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan 2013 to Dec 2014 | IADPSG | N = 210 Gestational age = All trimester Mean Age = 26.5 ± 4.2 years | 16.1% |
|  | Bhavdharini et al. 2016 (WINGS 6) (B) | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = Jan 2013 to Dec 2014 | IADPSG | N = 68 Gestational age = All trimester Mean Age = 26.5 ± 4.2 years | 14.4% |
35 | Mohan M A et al. 2016 | Kerala | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = January to October 2014 | WHO 1999 | N = 32 Gestational Age > 24 weeks Mean age = 28.53 4.76 years | 15.9% |
36 | Kragelund Nielsen K et al. 2016 (A) | Tamilnadu | Hospital-based study (Health centers) Rural Duration = June 2012 to July 2014 | DIPSI | N = 30 Gestational Age = All trimester Mean Age = 26.8 (4.5) years | 8.0% |
|  | Kragelund Nielsen K et al. 2016 (B) | Tamilnadu | Hospital-based study (Health centers) Semi-urban Duration = June 2012 to July 2014 | DIPSI | N = 385 Gestational Age = All trimester Mean Age = 26.8 (4.5) years | 13.3% |
|  | Kragelund Nielsen K et al. 2016 (C) | Tamilnadu | Hospital-based study (Health centers) Urban Duration = June 2012 to July 2014 | DIPSI | N = 244 Gestational Age = All trimester Mean Age = 26.8 (4.5) years | 30.7% |
37 | Veeraswamy S et al. 2016 | Tamil Nadu | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = August 2013 to December 2013 | WHO 2013 | N = 740 Gestational Age = All trimester | 8% |
38 | Soumya S et al. 2015 | Chandigarh | Hospital-based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 45 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 9% |
39 | Arora G P et al. 2015 (A) | Punjab (North India) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = August 2009 to December 2012 | WHO 2013 | N = 458 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 21.7 ± 3.4 years | 9% |
40 | Arora G P et al. 2015 (B) | Punjab (North India) | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = August 2009 to December 2012 | WHO 2013 | N = 1779 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 21.7 ± 3.4 year | 34.9% |
41 | Bhatt AA et al. 2015 | Pune (Maharashtra) | Community-based study Rural Duration = Sep. 2012 to June 2014 | DIPSI | N = 94 Gestational Age < 24 weeks Mean Age = 22.7 ± 3.1 years | 9.5% |
42 | Gopalakrishnan V et al. 2015 | Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration =July 2012 to July 2013 | IADPSG | N = 139 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 25.1 ± 3.9 years | 41.9% |
43 | Dave V R et al. 2014 | Gujarat | Community-based study Rural Duration = March 2013 to June 2013 | ADA | N = 6 Gestational Age = All trimester Mean age= | 1.73% |
44 | Mohan V et al. 2014 | TamilNadu (Chennai) | Hospital-based study Urban and Rural Duration = Jan 2013 to Nov 2013 | IADPSG | N = 52 Gestational Age = All trimester Mean Age = 24 ± 3.1 years | 5.04% |
45 | Rajput M et al. 2014 | Rohtak (Haryana) | Community-based study Rural | WHO 1999 | N = 127 Gestational Age > 24 weeks Mean Age = 24.0 ± 3.1 years | 13.9% |
46 | Neelakandan R et al. 2014 | Tiruchiraalli (TamilNadu) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Feb 2012 to Jan 2013 | IADPSG | N = 258 Gestational Age = all trimester | 23.3% |
47 | Vanlalhruaii et al. 2013 | Imphal (Manipur) | Hospital-based study Semi-urban Duration = September 2010 to August 2012 | ADA | N = 37 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 12.33% |
48 | Surapaneni T et al. 2013 | Hyderabad | Hospital-based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 520 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 27.18 (3.95) years | 21.81% |
49 | Sharma K et al. 2013 | Jammu | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = October 2010 to September 2011 | WHO 2013 | N = 55 Gestational Age = 16 to 32 weeks Mean Age = 30 years | 11% |
50 | Kalra P et al. 2013 | Jodhpur (Rajasthan) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration= | DIPSI | N = 33 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 25.33 ± 3.17 years | 6.6% |
51 | Ghosh S et al. 2013 | Kolkata | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = July 2009 to June 2010 | ? | N = 58 Gestational Age = Any trimester Mean Age = 30 years | 9% |
52 | Rajput R et al. 2013 | Haryana | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = June 2009 to January 2011 | ADA | N = 43 Gestational age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 23.62 ± 3.42 yr | 7.1% |
53 | Seshiah V et al. 2012 | Chennai | Hospital-based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 214 Gestational Age = Any trimester | 14.6% |
54 | Dwarkanath P et al. 2019 | Bangalore | Hospital based study Urban Duration = 2008 to 2014 | IADPSG | N = 392 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 10.2% |
55 | Grewal E et al. 2012 | New Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = July 2006 to Jan 2009 | Carpantan and Coustan Criteria | N = 46 Gestational Age = 24th -28th weeks Mean age = 26.87 ± 4.0 years | 15.49% |
56 | Tripathi R et al. 2011 | New Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban | Carpantan and Coustan Criteria | N = 74 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 25.9 ± 4.4 years | 10.8% |
57 | Balaji V et al. 2012 | Chennai | Hospital-based study (Therapeutic center) Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 86 Gestational Age = Third trimester Mean Age = 23.8–3.48 years | 10.5% |
58 | Somani B et al. 2012 | Pune (Maharashtra) | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 35 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean Age = 23.45 years | 4.8% |
59 | Jali M V et al. 2011 | Belgaum (Karnataka) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = May 2008 to April 2010 | WHO 1999 | N = 52 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 16% |
60 | Balaji V et al. 2011 | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = April 2009 to February 2010 | IADPSG | N = 1463 Gestational Age = second and third trimester Mean Age = 23.6 ± 3.3 years | 3.2% |
61 | Wahi P et al. 2011 | Jammu | Hospital-based study Semi-urban Duration = December 2007 to November 2008 | DIPSI | N = 2025 Gestational Age = 24 to 28th week Mean Age = 27.2 ± 2.3 years | 6.51% |
62 | Seshiah V et al. 2009 (A) | Chennai city (Tamil Nadu) | Community-based study Urban Duration = 2005–2007 | WHO 1999 | N = 739 Gestational Age = 24 to 32nd week Mean Age= 23.7 ± 3.55 years | 17.8% |
63 | Seshiah V et al. 2009 (B) | Saidapet (Tamil Nadu) | Community-based study Semi-urban Duration = 2005–2007 | WHO 1999 | N = 548 Gestational Age = 24 to 32nd week Mean Age = 23.4 ± 3.30 years | 13.8% |
64 | Seshiah V et al. 2009 (C) | Thiruvallur (Tamil Nadu) | Community-based study Rural Duration = 2005–2007 | WHO 1999 | N = 392 Gestational Age = 24 to 32nd week Mean Age = 22.5 ± 3.09 years | 9.9% |
65 | Krishnaveni GV et al. 2007 | Mysore (Karnataka) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 1997–98 | WHO 1999 | N = 35 Gestational Age = 30–32 weeks | 6.65% |
66 | Seshiah V et al. 2007 | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 741 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 23.66 ± 3.55 years | 17.9% |
67 | Wani AI et al. 2005 | Kashmir | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 198 Gestational age = second and third trimester | 4.4% |
68 | Hill JC et al. 2005 | Mysore (Karnataka) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = June 1997–August 1998 | Carpantan and Coustan Criteria | N = 49 Gestational age = 30 + 2 weeks Mean age = 23.6 years | 6.2% |
69 | Seshiah V et al. 2004 | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital-based study Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 168 Gestational age = Second and third trimester Mean age = 23 ± 4 years | 18.9% |
70 | Bhattacharya SM 2004 | Kolkata (West Bengal) | Hospital-based study Urban | Carpantan and Coustan Criteria | N = 26 Gestational age = 24–28 weeks | 10.5% |
71 | Ramachandran A et al. 1994 | Chennai (South India) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = September to December 1992 | O’Sullivan and Mahan’s criteria | N = 4 Gestational age > 24 weeks Mean age = 29.3 ± 2.5 years | 0.56% |
72 | Pal A et 2018 | Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 1st August 2014 to 31st July 2015 | DIPSI | N = 30 Gestational age = 24–28 weeks | 6% |
73 | Vidya M sree et al. 2020 | Chennai | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan 2019 to Dec 2019 | DIPSI | N = 136 Gestational age = 24–28 week Mean age = 26.09 years | 13.6% |
74 | Mounika E et al. 2018 | Karimnagar (Telangana) | Hospital-based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 40 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks | 6.67% |
75 | Naik RR et al. 2019 | Goa | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Nov 2014 to April 2016 | Carpantan and Coustan Criteria | N = 424 Gestational age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 31.2 years | 5.49% |
76 | Dwarkanath Let al 2019 | Tumkur | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = August 2014 to Oct 2016 | DIPSI | N = 7 Gestational age = 24–28 weeks Mean age= | 3.5% |
77 | Muthuramalingam V et al. 2020 | Tamil nadu | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = Nov 2016 to Dec 2019 | WHO 2013 | N = 94 Gestational age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 27.54 ± 3.58 years | 16.06% |
78 | Balagopalan al 2021 | New Delhi | Community-based study Urban and Rural Duration = Dec 2017 to Dec 2018 | IADPSG | N = 138 Gestational age = 18–28 weeks | 27.3% |
79 | Jadhav D S et al. 2017 | Pune (Maharashtra) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Sep 2015- August 2016 | DIPSI | N = 75 Gestational age = 24–28 weeks | 7.5% |
80 | Anajalakshi C et al. 2009 | Dharwad (Karnataka) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan to Dec 2014 | DIPSI | N = 147 Gestational age-24 to 34 weeks | 4.8% |
81 | Jain P et al. 2017 | Nagpur (Maharashtra) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Nov 2013 to Oct 2015 | DIPSI | N = 52 Gestational age-28 to 32 weeks | 10.7% |
82 | Khan S et al. 2018 | Western India | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = May 2012 to Apr 2014 | DIPSI | N = 31 Gestational age < 20 weeks and 24–28 weeks Mean age = 24.26 ± 3.75 years | 15.5% |
83 | Sharma N K et al. 2019 | West Bengal | Hospital-based study Semi-urban Duration = June 2014 to May 2015 | WHO 2013 | N = 22 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean Age = 23.15 ± 3.9 years | 11% |
84 | Rudra S et al. 2019 | Ambala (Haryana) | Hospital-based study Rural | IADPSG | N = 102 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 23.86 years | 13.6% |
85 | Choudhary N et al. 2017 | Jammu n Kashmir | Hospital-based study Rural Duration = July 2012 to April 2015 | Carpantan and Coustan Criteria | N = 569 | 9% |
86 | Kalyani K R et al. 2014 | Wardha (Maharashtra) | Hospital-based study Rural | WHO 1999 | N = 25 Mean age = 24.16 + −3.63 years | 8.33% |
87 | Siddique S et al. 2019 (A) | Saket (New Delhi) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = December 2015–October 2016 | ADA | N = 14 Gestational age = 2nd and 3rd Trimester Mean age- 29.719 ± 3.59 years | 14% |
88 | Siddique S et al. 2019 (B) | Muzaffarpur (Bihar) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = December 2015–October 2016 | ADA | N = 5 Gestational age = 2nd and 3rd Trimester Mean age- 26.015 ± 5.75 years | 3.07% |
89 | Siddique S et al. 2019 (C) | Bhilai (Chhattisgarh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = December 2015–October 2016 | ADA | N = 7 Gestational age = 2nd and 3rd Trimester Mean age- 28.531 ± 4.51 years | 10.77% |
90 | Dhanapal et al. 2019 | Surat (Gujarat) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 2013 to 2016 | IADPSG | N = 81 Gestational Age = all trimester | 30.6% |
91 | Mehta et al. 1990 | Baroda (Gujarat) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = 1 year | NDDG | N = 6 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 week | 4% |
92 | Gaana S. et al. 2020 | Mysuru South India | Hospital based study Urban | DIPSI | N = 11 Gestational Age > 23 weeks | 9.2% |
93 | Singh A et al. 2021 | Lucknow | Hospital based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 35 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean Age = 25.52 ± 3.19 years | 21.9% |
94 | Madhu SV et al. 2019 | Delhi | Hospital based study Urban Duration = 2015–2017 | IADPSG | N = 45 Gestational age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 25.31 ± 3.12 years | 10% |
95 | Balaji V et al. 2007 | Chennai | Hospital based study Urban | WHO 1999 | N = 86 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 30.63 ± 4.62 years | 33.37% |
96 | Poornima B et al. 2017 | Bangalore | Hospital based study Rural Duration = October 2014 to September 2016 | ADA | N = 43 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 26 ± 3.2 years | 8.5% |
97 | Shridevi ET AL 2015 | Karnataka | Hospital based study Urban Duration = December 2013 to December 2014 | DIPSI | N = 23 Gestational Age = 14 to 18 weeks | 11.5% |
98 | Das Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020 | Kolkata | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Aug 2016 to July 2018 | IADPSG | N = 155 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 30.01 (3.5) | 37.3% |
99 | Punnose J et al. 2018 | Delhi | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = Jan 2006 to December 2016 | NICE | N = 5991 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 27.02 ± 3.98 yrs | 16.4% |
100 | Garg P et al. 2017 | Delhi | Hospital based study Urban Duration = Jan 2014 to June 2015 | IADPSG | N = 20 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 28 (26–28 yrs) | 20% |
101 | Shardha SO et al. 2016 | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital based study Urban Duration = March 2013 to February 2014 | DIPSI | N = 54 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks Mean age = 26.08 years | 22.6% |
102 | Jeeyasalan L et al. 2016 | Vellore (Chennai) | Hospital based study Urban Duration = 15 years | ? | N = 3902 Gestational Age = 28 to 42 weeks Mean age = 25.2 (4.2) | 10.9% |
103 | Tellapragada C et al. 2016 | Manipal (South India) | Hospital based study Urban Duration = May 2011 to April 2014 | ? | N = 38 Gestational Age = 20–24 weeks Mean age = 27.18 ± 3.54 years | 5.2% |
104 | Jain R et al. 2016 | Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) | Hospital based study Urban Duration = October 1,2013 to September 31, 2014 | DIPSI | N = 7641 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age= | 13.37% |
105 | Mitra S et al. 2014 | Pondicherry | Hospital based study Urban Duration = August 2011 to July 2012 | IADPSG | N = 83 Gestational Age= Mean age= | 27.3% |
106 | Pochiraju M et al. 2014 | Hyderabad | Hospital based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 1143 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 15–49 years | 17.02% |
107 | Nallaperumal S et 2013 | Chennai | Hospital based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 599 Gestational Age = 32–34 weeks | 66.6% |
108 | Madhavan A et al. 2008 | Kottayam Kerala | Hospital based study Urban Duration = April 2005 to April 2006 | ADA | N = 8 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks | 7.5% |
109 | Maheshwari J R et al. 1989 | Mumbai | Hospital based study Urban Duration = 1st June 1987 to 31st July 1988 | WHO 1999 | N = 36 Gestational Age = 28–34 weeks Mean age= | 10.9% |
110 | Singh K et al. 2020 | Sikkim | Hospital based study Urban Duration = January 2019 to June2019 | DIPSI | N = 24 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 18–40 years | 11.9% |
111 | Prasad DKV et al. 2022 | Andhra Pradesh | Hospital based study Urban | WHO 2013 | N = 8 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks | 8% |
112 | Swaroop N et al. 2015 | Uttar Pradesh | Hospital based study Urban Duration = Jan 2014 to Jan 2015 | DIPSI | N = 22 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 25.46 years | 9.7% |
113 | Dahiya K et al. 2014 | Rohtak (Punjab) | Hospital based study Urban Duration = Jan 2011 to Dec 2011 | DIPSI | N = 35 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks | 7% |
114 | Uma R et al. 2017 | Chennai (Tamil Nadu) | Hospital-based study Urban | IADPSG | N = 247 Gestational Age = 24–28 weeks Mean age = 28.8 ± 4.4 yrs | 21.9% |
115 | Sahu MT et al. 2007 | Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Hospital-based study Urban Duration = May 2005 to June 2006 | ADA | N = 9 Gestational Age = 24 to 28 weeks | 2.36% |
116 | Swami S R et al. 2008 | Maharashtra (Western India) | Hospital based study Urban Duration = 2005–2007 | ADA | N = 94 Gestational Age= Mean age = 25.4 years | 7.7% |
117 | Menon U et al. 1991 | Vellore (South India) | Hospital based study Urban Duration = May–August 1989 | ? | N = 28 Gestational Age = 30.04 ± 4.74 Mean age = 27.86 ± 4.7 | 11.9% |